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Rape and revenge, or rape-revenge, is a film subgenre characterized by an individual enacting revenge for rape or other sexual acts committed against them. Rape and revenge films are commonly horror films, thrillers, or vigilante films. Notable for its graphic depiction of violence, rape, torture, and sexual imagery, rape and revenge films have attracted critical attention and controversy, often gaining a cult following and retrospectively associated with the New French Extremity, underground cinema, and arthouse cinema. Themes and characteristics "Rape and revenge" was the pioneer, and so far, most controversial subgenre in the mid-20th century that focus the main protagonist, especially for those of portrayal of the female character, seeks revenge on itself or the victim and turned into an anti-hero/vigilante to engage a vicious plot to eliminate the perpetrator/rapist(s). Unlike the other films, the main character's revenge is carried not only by the rape victim but only by the third party, primarily the victim's parents and friends. Each early films rose in prominence in the 1970s and relied heavily on the shock value of brutal rape scenes, followed by the even larger shock of the main character's sadistic revenge. History It is relatively unknown or never assumed by filmmakers about the subgenre in the early 20th-century except the 1931's film A Woman Branded, the plot about a woman who was raped and contracted venereal disease, seeks revenge on the man who raped her; possibly considered as the earliest precursor of the "rape and revenge" subgenre, retrospectively.The Virgin Spring In 1960, the term ''rape and revenge" coined Ingmar Bergman's The Virgin Spring, also considered the earliest film and precursor of the subgenre; the story of the film about a father seeks vengeance on his daughter to three herdsmen (two of them who raped and murdered her). According to director Ingmar Bergman, he was reading about the legend of Per Töre when he was a student, the plot follows the main character who had seven daughters who fell victim to seven rapists, which led him takes inspiration for the film as well as influences came from Japanese cinema, with Bergman particularly being a fan of Rashomon (1950).After the release of the same film in Sweden, the 1973's film Thriller – A Cruel Picture definitively codified the ethics and development of the genre, although the film was permanently banned in the same country. Influences and pioneers After the following U.S. release of The Virgin Spring, it inspired Wes Craven's debut The Last House on the Left, which is the base of both Bergman's film and Swedish ballad "Töres döttrar i Wänge". Like the Bergman's film, the plot of The Last House on the Left is carried by the two victim's parents exact vengeance to the criminals. In some cases, the film was more brutal and controversial than the Bergman's film, due to explicit rape and mutilation. In the United States, it continues to produce several rape and revenge films in the 1970s including Sam Peckinpah's Straw Dogs, Michael Winner's Death Wish, Lamont Johnson's Lipstick, and Meir Zarchi's I Spit on Your Grave; some of them are mainly screened in mainstream theaters, while others were screened independently in underground cinemas as exploitation films. In addition to American films, rape and revenge films have been made in the Philippines (e.g.; Lino Brocka's Insiang), Japan (e.g., Takashi Ishii's Freeze Me), Finland, Russia (The Voroshilov Sharpshooter), Argentina (e.g., I'll Never Die Alone; [2008]; original title: No Moriré Sola), and Norway (e.g., The Whore [2009]; original title: Hora). Several female directors have tried their hand at the genre to subvert its codes including Virginie Despentes' Baise-moi (2000), Coralie Fargeat's Revenge (2017), Jennifer Kent's The Nightingale (2018), and Emerald Fennell's Promising Young Woman (2020), the latter revitalized the subgenre and garnered multiple awards and nominations.Some of the films, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri and Promising Young Woman, are subverted examples of the subgenre where a character was raped and murdered off-screen before the protagonist seeks revenge, although both films lack the use of graphic violence and onscreen rape.Motifs of the subgenre, meaning that without being claimed as belonging to the genre, sometimes appears as a subplot in films to take up the codes at one point such as Stanley Kubrick's Clockwork Orange, Gaspar Noé's Irréversible, Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction and Kill Bill, Lars von Trier's Dogville, and Paul Verhoeven's Elle. Explanation of the subgenre Rape and revenge films generally follow three simple rules of the plot as a narrative structure, nearly similar to three-act structure; Rape: The main character / victim is (violently) raped and maybe further abused, tortured or left for dead; the perpetrator(s) sometimes consider the victim dead. Return: There are two optional decisions whereas to survive or not. The main character is heavily devastated by the victim's death. The main character / victim is barely survived, but still devastated, and may rehabilitate themselves under psychological circumstances. Revenge: The main character (and optionally a third-party) exact vengeance and engage a plot to eliminate their rapist(s).In Irréversible, the structure was reversed, with the first part depicting the revenge before tracing back the events which led to that point. Roger Ebert argues that, by using this structure as well as a false revenge, Irréversible cannot be classified as an exploitation film, as no exploitation of the subject matter takes place. Notable films Reception and legacy The Virgin Spring received polarized reviews from critics, but subject to censorship since its U.S release, and later won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, marked the first rape and revenge film to win an Academy Award. In retrospective years, the film renewed positively and expressed inspiration of several films, described as a relatively auspicious heritage to rape and revenge films.The subgenre has attracted critical attention and controversy, especially when it is akin to horror cinema – is probably one of the most controversial genres, accused of voyeurism and complacency by its detractors. Much of this critical attention comes from feminist critics examining the complex politics involved in the genre and its impact on cinema more generally. More recently, a broad analysis of the rape-revenge genre and concept was published in Rape-Revenge Films: A Critical Study, by Alexandra Heller-Nicholas. The book argues against a simplistic notion of the term "rape-revenge" and suggests a film-specific approach in order to avoid generalizing films which may "diverge not over the treatment of sexual assault as much as they do in regard to the morality of the revenge act". The controversy stems from the fact that films in the genre can often be accused of using the moral of th.... Discover the Hannie P Scott popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Hannie P Scott books.

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    25 Easy Thanksgiving Recipes

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    25 Easy & Delicious Thanksgiving RecipesAre you looking for delicious Thanksgiving recipes to share with your family this holiday season? This simple Thanksgiving cookbook has ...

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    5 Ingredient Recipes

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    Awesome Vegetable Recipes

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    Awesome Vegetable RecipesAre you looking for some delicious vegetable recipes? This simple and easy cookbook has stepbystep vegetable recipes that will wow even the pickiest of eat...

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    Low Carb Recipes for Weight Loss

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    Are you looking for some delicious low carb recipes to lose weight? This simple and easy low carb cookbook has stepbystep low carb recipes that will allow you to eat delicious food...

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    30 Easy Halloween Treats

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    30 Easy & Delicious Halloween RecipesAre you looking for some tasty and fun Halloween recipes to make this holiday season? This simple Halloween cookbook has 30 stepbystep Hall...

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    25 Easy Thanksgiving Desserts

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    25 Delicious Thanksgiving Dessert RecipesAre you looking for delicious Thanksgiving recipes to share with your family this holiday season? This simple Thanksgiving cookbook has 25 ...

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    Cookie Recipes

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    Are you looking for some delicious cookie recipes? This simple and easy cookie recipe cookbook has stepbystep recipes for preparing some amazing cookies. You will impress your frie...

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    Healthy Family Recipes

    Better Living Club

    Healthy Family RecipesDelicious Recipes Everyone Will Love!Do you want to make delicious and mouthwatering recipes without all the fatty ingredients that can cause you health probl...

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    Quick and Easy Recipes for Two

    Hannie P. Scott

    Quick and Easy Recipes for TwoAre you tired of cooking too much food only to end up throwing it away? Cooking for two can be very easy! These delicious recipes are easy to follow, ...

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    5 Ingredient Dessert Recipes

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    Easy Dessert Recipes in 5 Ingredients or Less!Are you tired of complicated recipes with ingredients that you'll only use once???This quick and easy dessert cookbook has stepbystep ...

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    Delicious and Easy Pasta Recipes

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    Delicious and Easy Pasta RecipesAre you looking for some delicious pasta recipes to impress friends and family? Look no further. Hannie P. Scott has created a list of some of the b...

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    Five Ingredient Cookbook

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    Easy Recipes in 5 or Less Ingredients!Are you tired of complicated recipes with hardtofind ingredients? Are you looking for delicious and easy recipes with only a few simple ingred...

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    Chicken Recipes

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    Are you looking for some delicious chicken recipes? This simple and easy chicken recipe cookbook has stepbystep recipes for preparing some fantastic chicken dishes. You will impres...

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    Quick and Easy Quinoa Recipes

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    Quick and Easy Quinoa RecipesAre you looking for some delicious quinoa recipes?This quick and easy quinoa cookbook has stepbystep recipes that are easy to follow and simply prepare...

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    Simple and Easy Pumpkin Drink Recipes

    Hannie P. Scott

    Delicious & Tasty Pumpkin Drink Recipes!Are you looking for delicious holiday drink recipes your party or family gathering? This simple pumpkin drink recipe cookbook has stepby...

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    5 Ingredient Desserts

    Better Living Club

    5 Ingredient DessertsEasy Dessert Recipes with Five Ingredients or LessDo you want to make delicious and mouthwatering desserts without the hassle of using a ton of ingredients and...

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    Vegetables

    Hannie P. Scott

    Delicious & Healthy Vegetable Side Dish Recipes!Are you looking for easy, howto recipes that anyone can make? This simple vegetable side dish cookbook has 25 stepbystep recipes...

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    Slow Cooker Vegetable Recipes

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    Delicious & Healthy Vegetable Slow Cooker Recipes!Are you looking for easy, howto recipes that anyone can make? This simple vegetable slow cooker cookbook has 25 stepbystep rec...