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Domestic violence against men is violence or other physical abuse towards men in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation. As with domestic violence against women, violence against men may constitute a crime, but laws vary between jurisdictions. Intimate partner violence (IPV) against men is generally less recognized by society than intimate partner violence against women, which can act as a further block to men reporting their situation.: 1 While women are substantially more likely to be injured or killed in incidents of domestic violence, men are less likely to report domestic violence to police than women. Men who report domestic violence can face social stigma regarding their perceived lack of machismo or other denigrations of their masculinity,: 6  the fear of not being believed by authorities, and being falsely accused of being the perpetrator. For men and women alike, domestic violence is among the most under-reported crimes worldwide.Intimate partner violence against men is a controversial area of research, with terms such as gender symmetry, battered husband syndrome and bidirectional IPV provoking debate. Some scholars have argued that those who focus on female-perpetrated violence are part of an anti-feminist backlash, and are attempting to undermine the problem of male-perpetrated abuse by championing the cause of the man, over the serious cause of the abused woman. Others have argued that violence against men is a significant, under-reported problem, and that domestic violence researchers, under the influence of feminism, have ignored this in order to protect the fundamental gains of the battered women's movement, specifically the view that intimate partner abuse is an extension of patriarchal dominance. One of the tools used to generate statistics concerning IPV perpetration, the conflict tactics scale, is especially contentious. Prevalence Estimation difficulties Determining the rate of intimate partner violence (IPV) against males can be difficult, as men may be reluctant to report their abuse or seek help.Statistics indicate that under-reporting is an inherent problem with intimate partner violence irrespective of gender. Supplementary studies carried out in 2001 and from 2004 onwards have consistently recorded significantly higher rates of intimate partner violence (committed against both men and women) than the standard crime surveys. The 2010–2011 report found that whilst 27% of women who experienced intimate partner violence reported it to the police, only 10% of men did so, and whilst 44% of women reported to some professional organization, only 19% of men did so. The Australian Bureau of Statistics reported that 97.2% of men do not report domestic violence to the police, compared to 82.1% of women. In a 2005 report carried out by the National Crime Council in the Republic of Ireland, it was estimated that 5% of men who had experienced violence had reported it to the authorities, compared to 29% of women.Researchers have demonstrated a degree of socio-cultural acceptance of aggression by women against men as opposed to a general condemnation of aggression by men against women. Male-on-female intimate partner violence has been shown to cause significantly more fear and more severe injuries than female-on-male violence. This can lead to men not considering themselves victims, and/or not realizing the IPV they are experiencing is a crime.On the other hand, many abusive men readily adopt a victim identity. For example, O. J. Simpson often referred to himself as a "battered husband". In cases like this, reporting intimate partner violence victimization may lead to exposing themselves as batterers. Underreporting Some men fear that if they do report to the police, they will be assumed to be the abuser, and placed under arrest. Some male victims fear people that people will assume that the woman is the real victim, and must have been acting in self-defense or retaliating for abuse.Surveys have indicated small proportions of men (less than 20% of victims) will tell the police or a health professional about their victimization. This is perhaps due to well-grounded fears that they will be scorned, ridiculed, or disbelieved by these authorities. A recent research paper by Dr. Elizabeth Bates from the University of Cumbria found that a common experience for male intimate partner violence victims was that no one believed them, or were responded to by laughter, including the police. Some men may not report to police as they did not want to expose their partners to the consequences committing violence, such as causing his partner problems at work. It can also be difficult for male victims to understand that they are the recipients of violence rather than the perpetrator. Estimates of male victimization In England and Wales, the 1995 "Home Office Research Study 191" surveyed 10,844 people (5,886 women and 4,958 men) between the ages of 16 and 59, finding that for the previous year, 4.2% of men had experienced intimate partner violence. Over a lifetime, this figure increased to 14.9% of men. Of the 6.6 million incidents of intimate partner violence in 1995, 3.25 million involved male victims, with 1 million incidents resulting in injury. Since 2004, more detailed annual records have been maintained as a supplementary survey attached to the annual Home Office Crime in England and Wales reports. These reports have consistently recorded significantly higher rates of both male and female victims of intimate partner violence than the standard crime surveys. In the case of male victims, the figures range from a high of 4.5% in 2007/2008 to a low of 3.1% in 2009/2010. In the Republic of Ireland, a 2005 report carried out by the National Crime Council found that 15% of women and 6% of men had suffered severe intimate partner violence in their lifetime, equating to roughly 213,000 women and 88,000 men. In Northern Ireland, police records for 2012 listed 2,525 male victims of domestic violence, an increase of 259 cases from 2011. In 2018, 19.3% of reported domestic violence victims in Scotland were male.In the United States, the National Violence Against Women Survey carried out by the Department of Justice in 2000, surveyed 16,000 men and women, finding that 7.4% of men reported experienced physical assault by a partner their lifetime, and, 0.9% of men reported experiencing domestic violence in the past year. The Canadian General Social Survey found that 7% had experienced intimate partner violence from 1994 to 1999, and 6% between 2000 and 2005.Data concerning campus rape, such as from a National Institute of Mental Health and Ms. Magazine study, has found a 1 in 7 sexual assault rate for men in U.S. colleges.In New Zealand, the twenty-one year Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, published in 1999, reported that of their sample of 1,037 people, 27% of women and 34% of men reported being physically abused by a partner, with 37% of w.... Discover the Claudia Lefeve popular books. 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Best Seller Claudia Lefeve Books of 2024

  • Paradigm synopsis, comments

    Paradigm

    Claudia Lefeve

    Take hold of your destiny. Etta Fleming doesn’t know she was meant to return to her true reality four years ago. After years of being the “orphan girl” in the alternate world she g...

  • Travelers Series Box Set synopsis, comments

    Travelers Series Box Set

    Claudia Lefeve

    This ebook box set includes the all three books in the Travelers Series, plus two additional short stories (Hitched and Old Mexia Christmas Brew)!  PARALLEL Destiny has a way ...

  • Parallel synopsis, comments

    Parallel

    Claudia Lefeve

    Destiny has a way of catching up. Saddled with powers she doesn’t understand, Etta Fleming’s world is turned upsidedown the day she meets Cooper Everett, the man who transports her...

  • Paradox synopsis, comments

    Paradox

    Claudia Lefeve

    Everything is predestined. Etta is slowly readjusting to life in her new reality, while still recovering from the shock over the news regarding her relationship with Cooper.  ...

  • Hitched synopsis, comments

    Hitched

    Claudia Lefeve

    After the events of PARALLEL and PARADOX, in a timeline shift prior to the reality of PARADIGM, comes HITCHED, a Travelers Series short story. You are cordially invited to attend t...

  • Darkly Beings synopsis, comments

    Darkly Beings

    Claudia Lefeve

    Every family has a dark path. Wyatt McKenna has avoided his hometown for years, until a chance encounter prompts him to return to the small Texas town of Caldero, a place where he ...