Elisha Gray Popular Books
Elisha Gray Biography & Facts
Elisha Gray (August 2, 1835 – January 21, 1901) was an American electrical engineer who co-founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company. Gray is best known for his development of a telephone prototype in 1876 in Highland Park, Illinois. Some recent authors have argued that Gray should be considered the true inventor of the telephone because Alexander Graham Bell allegedly stole the idea of the liquid transmitter from him. Although Gray had been using liquid transmitters in his telephone experiments for more than two years previously, Bell's telephone patent was upheld in numerous court decisions. Gray is also considered to be the father of the modern music synthesizer, and was granted over 70 patents for his inventions. He was one of the founders of Graybar, purchasing a controlling interest in the company shortly after its inception. Biography and early inventions Gray was born in Barnesville, Ohio, the son of Christiana (Edgerton) and David Gray. His family were Quakers. He was brought up on a farm. He spent several years at Oberlin College where he experimented with electrical devices. Although Gray did not graduate, he taught electricity and science there and built laboratory equipment for its science departments. In 1862, while at Oberlin, Gray met and married Delia Minerva Shepard. In 1865, Gray invented a self-adjusting telegraph relay that automatically adapted to varying insulation of the telegraph line. In 1867 Gray received a patent for the invention, the first of more than seventy. In 1869, Elisha Gray and his partner Enos M. Barton founded Gray & Barton Co. in Cleveland, Ohio to supply telegraph equipment to the giant Western Union Telegraph Company. The electrical distribution business was later spun off and organized into a separate company, Graybar Electric Company, Inc. Barton was employed by Western Union to examine and test new products. In 1870, financing for Gray & Barton Co. was arranged by General Anson Stager, a superintendent of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Stager became an active partner in Gray & Barton Co. and remained on the board of directors. The company moved to Chicago near Highland Park. Gray later gave up his administrative position as chief engineer to focus on inventions that could benefit the telegraph industry. Gray's inventions and patent costs were financed by a dentist, Dr. Samuel S. White of Philadelphia, who had made a fortune producing porcelain teeth. White wanted Gray to focus on the acoustic telegraph which promised huge profits instead of what appeared to be unpromising competing inventions such as the telephone. White made the decision in 1876 to redirect Gray's interest in the telephone. In 1870, Gray developed a needle annunciator for hotels and another for elevators. He also developed a microphone printer which had a typewriter keyboard and printed messages on paper tape.In 1871 the Great Chicago Fire destroyed the city and its telegraph infrastructure, Gray & Barton was hired to rebuild it. In 1872, Western Union, then financed by the Vanderbilts and J. P. Morgan, bought one-third of Gray and Barton Co. and changed the name to Western Electric Manufacturing Company of Chicago. Gray continued to invent for Western Electric. In 1874, Gray retired to do independent research and development. Gray applied for a patent on a harmonic telegraph which consisted of multi-tone transmitters, that controlled each tone with a separate telegraph key. Gray gave several private demonstrations of this invention in New York and Washington, D.C. in May and June 1874. Gray was a charter member of the Presbyterian Church in Highland Park, Illinois. At the church, on December 29, 1874, Gray gave the first public demonstration of his invention for transmitting musical tones and transmitted "familiar melodies through telegraph wire" according to a newspaper announcement. This was one of the earliest electric musical instruments using vibrating electromagnetic circuits that were single-note oscillators operated by a two-octave piano keyboard. The "Musical Telegraph" used steel reeds whose oscillations were created by electromagnets and transmitted over a telegraph wire. Gray also built a simple loudspeaker in later models consisting of a vibrating diaphragm in a magnetic field to make the oscillator tones audible and louder at the receiving end. In 1900 Gray worked on an underwater signaling device. After his death in 1901 officials gave the invention to Oberlin College. A few years later he was recognized as the inventor of the underwater signaling device. On July 27, 1875, Gray was granted U.S. Patent 166,095 for "Electric Telegraph for Transmitting Musical Tones" (acoustic telegraphy). His experiments with transmitting musical tones went further, and on February 15, 1876 Elisha Grey was granted US Patent for electro-harmonic telegraph with piano keyboard.He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1878. Telephone Because of Samuel White's opposition to Gray working on the telephone, Gray did not tell anybody about his invention for transmitting voice sounds until February 11, 1876 (Friday). The only remaining proof is a drawing he made on that day. Gray requested that his patent lawyer William D. Baldwin prepare a "caveat" for filing at the US Patent Office. A caveat was like a provisional patent application with drawings and description but without a request for examination. On Monday morning February 14, 1876, Gray signed and had notarized the caveat that described a telephone that used a liquid transmitter. Baldwin then submitted the caveat to the US Patent Office. That same morning a lawyer for Alexander Graham Bell submitted Bell's patent application. Which application arrived first is hotly disputed, although Gray believed that his caveat arrived a few hours before Bell's application. Bell's lawyers in Washington, DC, had been waiting with Bell's patent application for months, under instructions not to file it in the USA until it had been filed in Britain first. (At the time, Britain would only issue patents on discoveries not previously patented elsewhere.) According to Evenson, during the weekend of February 12–14, 1876, before either caveat or application had been filed in the patent office, Bell's lawyer learned about the liquid transmitter idea in Gray's caveat that would be filed early Monday morning February 14. Bell's lawyer then added seven sentences describing the liquid transmitter and a variable resistance claim to Bell's draft application. After the lawyer's clerk recopied the draft as a finished patent application, Bell's lawyer hand-delivered the finished application to the patent office just before noon Monday, a few hours after Gray's caveat was delivered by Gray's lawyer. Bell's lawyer requested that Bell's application be immediately recorded and hand-delivered to the examiner on Monday so that later Bell could claim it had arrived first. B.... Discover the Elisha Gray popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Elisha Gray books.
Best Seller Elisha Gray Books of January 2023
Today I Am Mad
Michael GordonSeptember 7, 2020GetKids feel emotions in big ways! Here's a great story for helping kids manage their feelings. * Help children learn to identify and regulate their ...
iPad User Guide
Apple Inc.October 24, 2022GetHere’s everything you need to know about iPad, straight from Apple. This definitive guide helps you get started using iPad with iPadOS 16 and discover all the amazing things it can do.
Finally You
Claudia BurgoaOctober 11, 2021GetUSA TODAY Bestselling Author Claudia Burgoa brings us a snarky and sassy small-town romantic comedy full of a swoon-worthy billionaire, a second chance romance and big laughs. Sometimes what...
Worth Billions
Lexy TimmsJune 4, 2018GetSmall towns are for small minds. I left for college and never looked back. Ensconced in my luxurious, and lucrative, vineyard, I barely ever spare a thought for my old life. Until I go...
Explicit Instruction
Scarlett FinnJune 24, 2014GetEnemies to lovers: Held captive by a dirty-talking alpha. "I wouldn't do that if I were you." Lost, Flick walks into a nightmare. More terrifying than the evil that captured her, a looming s...
Reckless at Heart
Zoe YorkJune 2, 2020GetHe's a grumpy silver fox who's about to become a grandfather, and she's the sunshiny young midwife who wants babies of her own… Owen Kincaid knows how hard it is to have a kid when ...
How to Win Friends and Influence People
Dale CarnegieJuly 7, 2022GetHow to Win Friends and Influence People is a self-help book written by Dale Carnegie, first published in 1936. Over 30 million copies have been sold worldwide, making it one of the best-sell...
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Arthur Conan DoyleOctober 14, 1892GetAn Apple Books Classic You get not one, not two, but 25 gripping mysteries in Arthur Conan Doyle’s first of five collections of Sherlock Holmes short stories. Follow the brilliant and ecce...
Apple Watch User Guide
Apple Inc.October 24, 2022GetHere’s everything you need to know about Apple Watch and the Apple Watch app on iPhone, straight from Apple. This definitive guide helps you get started using Apple Watch with watchOS 9 an...
The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe (Illustrated, Inline Footnotes)
Edgar Allan PoeSeptember 16, 2016GetThe Novels of Edgar Allan Poe. • Narrative Of A. Gordon Pym. (Inline Footnotes) • The Journal Of Julius Rodman. (Illustrated / Inline Footnotes) The Complete Tales of Edgar Allan Poe. (I...
Seduction Island
Autumn GazeNovember 30, 2022GetYou cannot escape the reality of tomorrow by evading it today… Ethan Mitchell flees New York to Oahu to escape a family scandal. He doesn't want to be a part of it. He ends up meeting Ava ...
A Mother for Christmas
Jackie WegerDecember 8, 2020GetDecker Davenport is on a deadline. He has thirty days — Christmas Eve, to be exact — to remodel a St. Augustine Victorian house or the owner will put it back on the market. Not a good ti...
Shiftless
Aimee EasterlingOctober 24, 2014GetTerra is shiftless --- a werewolf uncomfortable in her own animal skin. A decade after learning to squash her wolf and flee the repressive village where she grew up, the packless ache still ...
The Chase
Elle KennedyAugust 6, 2018GetNew York Times bestseller! The first book in a new series from international bestselling author Elle Kennedy! Everyone says opposites attract. And they must be right, because there’s...
iPhone User Guide
Apple Inc.September 12, 2022GetHere’s everything you need to know about iPhone, straight from Apple. This definitive guide helps you get started using iPhone with iOS 16 and discover all the amazing things it can do.
The Hunted
A.J. ScudiereJune 20, 2019GetLights out. Keep still. Pray for morning. Joule and Cage Mazur feel like prisoners in their home. With something new stalking the streets at night, their family’s only protection is boltin...
Holy Bible
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMarch 1, 2013GetThe 2013 edition of the Holy Bible contains all of the study aids contained in the 1979 edition and includes revisions to the study aids, several new photos, updated maps, and adjustments to...
Frankenstein
Mary ShelleyDecember 31, 1817GetAn Apple Books Classic edition. Mary Shelley was just 18 when she had a nightmare vision: “I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw th...
How to Find Peace
Beau NortonSeptember 23, 2015GetShatter the Illusions and Discover the Truth To 'know about' something is very different from KNOWING it. Perhaps you have some spiritual knowledge, but how often do you experience ...
Mistletoe Madness: A Sweet Small Town Christmas Romance (Santa's Secret Helpers, Book 2)
Leeanna MorganApril 21, 2020GetFans of Robyn Carr's Virgin River series will love this small-town, feel-good romance! This Christmas, something magical is happening in Sapphire Bay. Kylie loves everything about Christmas....
Baking Bad - A Cozy Mystery (With Dragons)
Kim M. WattNovember 4, 2018GetA tranquil village. A poisoned cupcake. A murdered vicar. A simple case - or it should be. But all clues point to the Toot Hansell Women's Institute, and Detective Inspector Adams is about t...
Curvy Attraction (Aiden & Cecelia)
Christa WickOctober 11, 2019Get“Ride with me.” Three simple words. A seemingly perfect solution after my car breaks down. So why am I so nervous about this? Sure, I’ve harbored the biggest crush on him for over a de...
Relentless
Karen LynchDecember 26, 2013Get**Now optioned for TV Sometimes, the demons you fight inside are real. Sara Grey’s world shattered ten years ago when her father was brutally murdered. Now at seventeen, she is still haunt...
Tempting Levi
Jules BarnardJune 6, 2017GetOff-limits never looked so tempting... Levi Cade’s firefighting career burned up after an accident on the job. Then is father died and left him in charge of the family’s multimillion-dol...
The Art Of Letting Go
Thought CatalogFebruary 29, 2016GetWe often struggle to let some people go especially when they made that decision. We question the universe, we question ourselves and we question everyone around us but we never truly get our...
For Now and Forever (The Inn at Sunset Harbor—Book 1)
Sophie LoveAugust 16, 2016Get“Sophie Love's ability to impart magic to her readers is exquisitely wrought in powerfully evocative phrases and descriptions….FOR NOW AND FOREVER is the perfect romance or beach read, w...
Fat Cat Finds a Home
Michelle SmithFebruary 20, 2015GetAfter ten years of love from her previous owner, poor Fat Cat finds herself alone and looking for a new home. Will she ever leave the adoption shelter? Even at ten years old, Fat Cat still h...
Apple Watch User Guide
Apple Inc.September 16, 2021GetHere’s everything you need to know about Apple Watch and the Apple Watch app on iPhone, straight from Apple. This definitive guide helps you get started using Apple Watch with watchOS 8 an...
Risking Millions
Lexy TimmsAugust 24, 2021GetLove is not something you protect. It's something you risk. Daniel Connor has a problem. A big one. Even though his company is a billion-dollar success in the hospitality industry, he's...
Dirty Wild Sultan - A Steamy Marriage of Convenience Royal Romance
Mahi MistryJuly 7, 2022GetHe is my only chance at freedom. She is the daughter of my enemy. Will their love survive? Zain As the Sultan of one of the most powerful country in Middle-East, I need to find my Sultana. B...
Complicate Me: Reid & Sienna #1
Claire RayeJuly 8, 2020GetComplicate Me is book one of Reid and Sienna’s duet and book one in the Hawthorn Hills Duet Series. A two-part, angst-filled, slow-burn, epic love story. Complicate Me must be read before ...
Fighter's Heart
A. Rivers & Alexa RiversJanuary 20, 2022GetHe's tattooed, cocky, and hot as hell. The MMA superstar everyone loves to hate. Now it's my job to clean up his image…before it's too late. I never meant to become the P.R. specialist for...
Girl, Alone (An Ella Dark FBI Suspense Thriller—Book 1)
Blake PierceDecember 16, 2020GetFBI Agent Ella Dark has studied serial killers from the time she could read, devastated by the murder of her own sister. With her photographic memory, she has obtained an encyclopedic knowle...
Habits
Ronald A. ValentinoJanuary 31, 2016GetWant to learn how to be part of the 5% that seem to get everything they want? Look no further this book has the answer that will completely transform your life by teaching you the tech...
Bedtime Stories for Kids
Uncle AmonJune 15, 2015GetAre you looking for a children's book that is highly entertaining, great for early readers, and is jam-packed with bedtime stories? This children's storybook has it all! This is an excellent...
Lady Danger
Glynnis CampbellOctober 12, 2014GetOver 250,000 copies read worldwide! The Warrior Maids of Rivenloch... Damsels in shining armor...riding to the rescue! Deirdre, Helena, and Miriel, three kick-arse Scots wenches known as The...
Sisters (Sun Valley Series, Book 1)
Kellie Coates GilbertMarch 2, 2017GetSet in America’s original ski resort, Sun Valley, Idaho— SISTERS offers a thought-provoking look at three women . . . and the choices they make when they realize their lives aren’t exa...
The Ultimate 7 Steps to Awaken Your Alpha Male: How to Conquer Negative Thinking, Become Fearless, Master Confidence, Improve Your Life, Follow Your Passion and Attract Women
Keith BraxtonJuly 21, 2015GetIt’s Time to Unleash the Alpha Male Within You! By the end of this book, I expect you to be able to hold your head up high, laugh at your own fears, embrace your passions, find your desire...
Law of Attraction
Jordan HollisAugust 29, 2018GetHow to Finally Overcome the Hurdles of Manifesting Proven, effective and enjoyable ways to help you manifest faster… Right now, think of something that makes you successful. If you have so...
Mr. Mayfair
Louise BayOctober 1, 2019GetMy boyfriend is getting married. Okay, technically he's my ex-boyfriend. Two months ago he decided he wanted a break. I still thought he was my happily ever after. On any other day, knowing ...
Steal My Heart
Savannah KadeMarch 24, 2020GetClark is what she needs, but Walker is what she wants… Armed with a checklist and a solid understanding of the kind of partner she needs, Cara Larkin has waited patiently for Mr. Right to ...
Seascapes and Vegas Mistakes
Kay LyonsApril 18, 2022GetWhen a Las Vegas prank turns into an accidental and very legal marriage, Isabel Shipley is dead set on getting a discreet and hasty divorce. The last thing the struggling artist wants is to ...
Emotional Intelligence Mastery: A Practical Guide to Improving Your EQ
Eric JordanAugust 2, 2016GetBecome Emotionally Smarter with a Practical Approach! Emotional intelligence has been a buzzword in the personal growth industry and in high-level corporate recruitment strategies since 1995...
Catch
Evelyn MontogmeryJanuary 4, 2022GetHunter One look. One touch. One sound of her beautiful voice, and I’m hooked. Like a dream I never want to wake up from, she pulls me in and wraps me around her. Consumed. Driven wit...
Watch Me
Stacey KennedySeptember 15, 2020GetIn the Phoenix club, there is only one rule; watch, don't touch, until the powerful owner falls for his new star in this deliciously intriguing romance from USA Today bestselling author Stac...
Let's Taco Bout It
Matthew RyanOctober 1, 2014GetMr Taco is feeling sad, it’s not easy being a little taco when everything around you is so BIG! Luckily, Patrick has a few ideas to help his friend... ———— NOT YOUR REGULAR S...
Fighter's Frenemy
A. RiversMarch 31, 2022GetI've craved his love for years, but I was invisible to him. Now that I'm ready to move on, he suddenly sees me. And he won't let me go. As the shy, plus-size twin sister of a professional ca...
The Chronicles of Narnia Complete 7-Book Collection
C. S. LewisDecember 9, 2022GetThe Chronicles of Narnia Complete 7-Book Collection includes: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) Prince Caspian (1951) The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (1952) The Silver Chair (1953) ...
Kingdoms of Sand: Books 1-3
Daniel ArensonOctober 23, 2018GetGame of Thrones meets Spartacus in an epic saga of sand and splendor. This bundle contains the first three novels of Kingdoms of Sand , a fantasy series from a ...
What Lies Beneath
Adam CroftJuly 28, 2020GetThe first in a stunning new crime series from 2m+ international bestseller Adam Croft. A peaceful Sunday morning in Rutland is shattered when a dead body is discovered on the rocks at Norman...
Best Seller Elisha Gray Audio Books of January 2023
- Atlas of the Heart: Mapping Meaningful Connection and the Language of Human Experience (Unabridged)Brené Brown$14.99
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- As A Man ThinkethJames Allen$3.99
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- Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action (Unabridged)Simon Sinek$16.99
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- The 12 Week YearMichael Lennington$12.99
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- The End of the World is Just the BeginningPeter Zeihan$3.99
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- The Dawn of EverythingDavid Graeber & David Wengrow$4.99
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- The Mountain is You: Transforming Self-Sabotage Into Self-MasteryBrianna Wiest$9.99
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- Myth AmericaKevin M. Kruse & Julian E. Zelizer$22.99
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- The Four Agreements (Unabridged)Don Miguel Ruiz$10.99
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- Tom Clancy Red Winter (Unabridged)Marc Cameron$14.99
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- The Untethered Soul : The Journey Beyond YourselfMichael A. Singer$12.99
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- The Midnight Library: A Novel (Unabridged)Matt Haig$14.99
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- Why Has Nobody Told Me This Before?Julie Smith$4.99
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- 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos (Unabridged)Jordan B. Peterson$22.99
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- The House in the Pines: A Novel (Unabridged)Ana Reyes$14.99
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- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood PrinceJ.K. Rowling$39.99
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- Extreme OwnershipJocko Willink & Leif Babin$14.99
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- The Fellowship of the Ring(Lord of the Rings)J.R.R. Tolkien$19.99
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- Surrender: 40 Songs, One Story (Unabridged)Bono$19.99
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- Where the Crawdads Sing (Unabridged)Delia Owens$14.99
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- The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo (Unabridged)Taylor Jenkins Reid$16.99
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- I'm Glad My Mom Died (Unabridged)Jennette McCurdy$12.99
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- The War of Art (Unabridged)Steven Pressfield$4.99
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- What Happened to You?Oprah Winfrey & Bruce D. Perry$14.99
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- The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ckMark Manson$16.99
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- The Boys from Biloxi: A Legal Thriller (Unabridged)John Grisham$16.99
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- Get Your Sh*t TogetherSarah Knight$4.99
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- All Good People Here: A Novel (Unabridged)Ashley Flowers$14.99
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- Local Woman MissingMary Kubica$4.99
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- Fairy Tale (Unabridged)Stephen King$19.99
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