Elisha Gray Popular Books
Elisha Gray Biography & Facts
Elisha Gray (August 2, 1835 – January 21, 1901) was an American electrical engineer who co-founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company. Gray is best known for his development of a telephone prototype in 1876 in Highland Park, Illinois. Some recent authors have argued that Gray should be considered the true inventor of the telephone because Alexander Graham Bell allegedly stole the idea of the liquid transmitter from him. Although Gray had been using liquid transmitters in his telephone experiments for more than two years previously, Bell's telephone patent was upheld in numerous court decisions. Gray is also considered to be the father of the modern music synthesizer, and was granted over 70 patents for his inventions. He was one of the founders of Graybar, purchasing a controlling interest in the company shortly after its inception. Biography and early inventions Gray was born in Barnesville, Ohio, the son of Christiana (Edgerton) and David Gray. His family were Quakers. He was brought up on a farm. He spent several years at Oberlin College where he experimented with electrical devices. Although Gray did not graduate, he taught electricity and science there and built laboratory equipment for its science departments. In 1862, while at Oberlin, Gray met and married Delia Minerva Shepard. In 1865, Gray invented a self-adjusting telegraph relay that automatically adapted to varying insulation of the telegraph line. In 1867 Gray received a patent for the invention, the first of more than seventy. In 1869, Elisha Gray and his partner Enos M. Barton founded Gray & Barton Co. in Cleveland, Ohio to supply telegraph equipment to the giant Western Union Telegraph Company. The electrical distribution business was later spun off and organized into a separate company, Graybar Electric Company, Inc. Barton was employed by Western Union to examine and test new products. In 1870, financing for Gray & Barton Co. was arranged by General Anson Stager, a superintendent of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Stager became an active partner in Gray & Barton Co. and remained on the board of directors. The company moved to Chicago near Highland Park. Gray later gave up his administrative position as chief engineer to focus on inventions that could benefit the telegraph industry. Gray's inventions and patent costs were financed by a dentist, Dr. Samuel S. White of Philadelphia, who had made a fortune producing porcelain teeth. White wanted Gray to focus on the acoustic telegraph which promised huge profits instead of what appeared to be unpromising competing inventions such as the telephone. White made the decision in 1876 to redirect Gray's interest in the telephone. In 1870, Gray developed a needle annunciator for hotels and another for elevators. He also developed a microphone printer which had a typewriter keyboard and printed messages on paper tape.In 1871 Great Chicago Fire destroyed the city and it's telegraph infrastructure, Gray & Barton was hired to rebuild it. In 1872, Western Union, then financed by the Vanderbilts and J. P. Morgan, bought one-third of Gray and Barton Co. and changed the name to Western Electric Manufacturing Company of Chicago. Gray continued to invent for Western Electric. In 1874, Gray retired to do independent research and development. Gray applied for a patent on a harmonic telegraph which consisted of multi-tone transmitters, that controlled each tone with a separate telegraph key. Gray gave several private demonstrations of this invention in New York and Washington, D.C. in May and June 1874. Gray was a charter member of the Presbyterian Church in Highland Park, Illinois. At the church, on December 29, 1874, Gray gave the first public demonstration of his invention for transmitting musical tones and transmitted "familiar melodies through telegraph wire" according to a newspaper announcement. This was one of the earliest electric musical instruments using vibrating electromagnetic circuits that were single-note oscillators operated by a two-octave piano keyboard. The "Musical Telegraph" used steel reeds whose oscillations were created by electromagnets and transmitted over a telegraph wire. Gray also built a simple loudspeaker in later models consisting of a vibrating diaphragm in a magnetic field to make the oscillator tones audible and louder at the receiving end. In 1900 Gray worked on an underwater signaling device. After his death in 1901 officials gave the invention to Oberlin College. A few years later he was recognized as the inventor of the underwater signaling device. On July 27, 1875, Gray was granted U.S. Patent 166,095 for "Electric Telegraph for Transmitting Musical Tones" (acoustic telegraphy). His experiments with transmitting musical tones went further, and on February 15, 1876 Elisha Grey was granted US Patent for electro-harmonic telegraph with piano keyboard.He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1878. Telephone Because of Samuel White's opposition to Gray working on the telephone, Gray did not tell anybody about his invention for transmitting voice sounds until February 11, 1876 (Friday). The only remaining proof is a drawing he made on that day. Gray requested that his patent lawyer William D. Baldwin prepare a "caveat" for filing at the US Patent Office. A caveat was like a provisional patent application with drawings and description but without a request for examination. On Monday morning February 14, 1876, Gray signed and had notarized the caveat that described a telephone that used a liquid transmitter. Baldwin then submitted the caveat to the US Patent Office. That same morning a lawyer for Alexander Graham Bell submitted Bell's patent application. Which application arrived first is hotly disputed, although Gray believed that his caveat arrived a few hours before Bell's application. Bell's lawyers in Washington, DC, had been waiting with Bell's patent application for months, under instructions not to file it in the USA until it had been filed in Britain first. (At the time, Britain would only issue patents on discoveries not previously patented elsewhere.) According to Evenson, during the weekend of February 12–14, 1876, before either caveat or application had been filed in the patent office, Bell's lawyer learned about the liquid transmitter idea in Gray's caveat that would be filed early Monday morning February 14. Bell's lawyer then added seven sentences describing the liquid transmitter and a variable resistance claim to Bell's draft application. After the lawyer's clerk recopied the draft as a finished patent application, Bell's lawyer hand-delivered the finished application to the patent office just before noon Monday, a few hours after Gray's caveat was delivered by Gray's lawyer. Bell's lawyer requested that Bell's application be immediately recorded and hand-delivered to the examiner on Monday so that later Bell could claim it had arrived first. Bell.... Discover the Elisha Gray popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Elisha Gray books.
Best Seller Elisha Gray Books of October 2022
Finding Cinderella
Colleen HooverOctober 14, 2013Get#1 New York Times bestselling author of It Ends With Us writes a free novella about the search for happily ever after. A chance encounter in the dark leads eighteen-year-old Daniel and the g...
Some Call It Love
Sarah PeisAugust 20, 2018Get"The best feel-good romcom you need right now." Goodreads reviewer A mistaken arrest, an unpaid debt, and a trip to Vegas. Living in a small town where everyone knows your business isn't eas...
Mr. Trouble
Nana MaloneAugust 1, 2018GetYeah, I'm trouble...so what? Women like it. That and my big...bank account. Not to mention my, ah, silver tongue. I'm the prince of my world, right up until the king gets upset. My f...
Pride and Prejudice
Jane AustenJanuary 28, 1813GetAn Apple Books Classic edition. Jane Austen’s beloved classic opens with this witty and very memorable line: “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a...
The Stationmaster's Cottage
Phillipa Nefri ClarkFebruary 14, 2017GetChristie Ryan is happy in her life... or so she tells herself. Despite a tragic childhood, she has built a satisfying career and loves her city apartment. But deep down she yearns for a simp...
Liberty Begins
Leigh JamesFebruary 13, 2015GetAdventure. Fate. From Rags to Riches… My name is Liberty and I'm a good girl. I come from nothing. I have no one but myself. Sometimes I do things I don't want to -- I do them beca...
Stop Procrastinating & Overthinking: Learn The Mind Hacks To Cure Your Procrastination Habit And Improve Your Perseverance To Overcome Laziness. Eliminate Negative Thoughts And Stop Worrying
Sebastian GoodwinMarch 25, 2021Get"I TRIED EVERYTHING ELSE, BUT IT'S STILL A NEVER-ENDING BATTLE…" Everybody knows that procrastination is the biggest waste of time – I am talking about those moments when you imagine wha...
10-Minute Social Psychology
Albert RutherfordJune 7, 2020GetWould you like to instantly catch people's thoughts, emotions, motivations, and intentions through mere observation? If yes, you've come to the right place! 10-Minute So...
The Cornish Village School - Breaking the Rules
Kitty WilsonJune 11, 2018GetRosy Winter is definitely not looking for love. Following heartbreak, Rosy has rebuilt her life in the beautiful Cornish village of Penmenna. Now headmistress of the local school, she is liv...
Nothing to Hide
Scarlett FinnApril 13, 2021GetPrize of a lifetime: travel the world with a celebrity billionaire. Come to LA with us, Roxie… It will be so much fun! We have tickets for a late-night talk show! What could possibly go wr...
Let's Talk About Hard Things
Anna SaleMay 4, 2021GetFrom the host of the popular WNYC podcast Death, Sex, & Money , Let’s Talk About Hard Things is “like a good conversation with a friend” ( The New Yorker ) where “no topic is off...
Moby Dick
Herman MelvilleOctober 17, 1851GetAn Apple Books Classic edition. Herman Melville’s classic begins with one of the most famous opening lines in world literature: “Call me Ishmael.” Moby Dick was a commercial failure wh...
Don't Play With Odin
Cynthia EdenJuly 13, 2021GetBig, bad, and currently out of his element... Odin Shaw thought he’d spend his life on a battlefield. But fate had other plans, and now the former Special Forces operative has just landed ...
The Bangover
Lili ValenteOctober 3, 2019GetNote to Self --Do NOT bang your best guy friend in the limo on the way to the swanky Vegas hotel. I give myself very good advice. Too bad I suck at taking it. If only Colin and I hadn't ...
Chasing Romeo
Sarah ReadyMay 25, 2021GetA laugh out loud, soul mate chasing rom-com romp, Sarah Ready's Chasing Romeo is a perfect feel-good novel about finding love where you least expect it. Chloe Daniels is a starry-eyed romant...
Girl, Alone (An Ella Dark FBI Suspense Thriller—Book 1)
Blake PierceDecember 16, 2020GetFBI Agent Ella Dark has studied serial killers from the time she could read, devastated by the murder of her own sister. With her photographic memory, she has obtained an encyclopedic knowle...
The Deal
Elle KennedyFebruary 24, 2015GetThe international bestseller! Get ready for another binge-worthy romance from New York Times bestselling author Elle Kennedy! She's about to make a deal with the college bad boy… Hannah We...
A Royal Farce
Laura HeffernanNovember 23, 2021GetA ROYAL FARCE is the hilarious first book in the Retail to Riches series, which follows a plucky big box store employee on her journey from fighting to pay the bills to discovering she’s m...
Take a Chance on Me
Kathryn R. BielMay 21, 2020GetShe's finally getting her life back together. His is falling apart. It's the perfect time to take a chance. Nobody likes packing up their things and moving to a small town in the middle of n...
Scraps of Paper
Kathryn Meyer GriffithSeptember 13, 2014GetAbigail Sutton's beloved husband walks out one night, doesn't return, and two years later is found dead, a victim of a long ago crime. It's made her sympathetic to the missing and their fami...
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
L. Frank BaumMay 17, 1900GetAn Apple Books Classic edition. You’ve seen the iconic 1939 movie, but do you know about the talking field mice, the Winkies, and the Witch of the North that appear in the original book? L...
Without Mercy (A Dakota Steele FBI Suspense Thriller—Book 1)
Ava StrongJune 14, 2022GetMMA champ-turned-FBI Special Agent and BAU specialist Dakota Steele is as tough as they come—and as brilliant, too, able to crack serial killers that no one else can. But this new case is ...
Love Me Like a Love Song
Annmarie BoyleNovember 9, 2020GetShe used to be on top of the music world. He's desperate to get there. Unable to compose since the death of her rock star husband, Grammy award-winning songwriter, Grace O'Connor is terrifie...
iPhone User Guide
Apple Inc.September 20, 2021GetHere’s everything you need to know about iPhone, straight from Apple. This definitive guide helps you get started using iPhone with iOS 15 and discover all the amazing things it can do.
Law of Attraction
Jordan HollisAugust 29, 2018GetHow to Finally Overcome the Hurdles of Manifesting Proven, effective and enjoyable ways to help you manifest faster… Right now, think of something that makes you successful. If you have so...
Little Women
Louisa May AlcottSeptember 29, 1868GetAn Apple Books Classic edition. Meet the Marches! Louisa May Alcott’s classic introduces us to four unforgettable sisters: beautiful Meg, tomboyish Jo, delicate Beth, and Amy, the indulged...
The Crash
Skye WarrenJune 14, 2022GetCarter Morelli works alone, but his orders are clear. Pilot the small aircraft carrying the renowned photographer to a remote island. June Porter wants to stay on solid land. She doesn't...
The Girl Outside: A Shocking and Gripping Psychological Thriller
James CaineJune 22, 2022GetHer daughter has a dark secret. One that will turn their perfect small town upside down. Now she's missing. Mandy Knox can't shake the gut wrenching feeling that something sinister hap...
Love in a Small Town
Zoe YorkOctober 6, 2020GetAre they one late-night hayride away from tumbling back into a very bad idea? Olivia Minelli needs a one-way ticket out of Pine Harbour. It's too small for both her and her ex-husband. So wh...
Just One Night
Carly PhillipsApril 20, 2021GetShe’s the woman he can’t live without. The one he can’t risk screwing up their relationship by sleeping with her. Linc Kingston doesn’t accept anything less than perfection. ...
Hook
Chelle BlissJanuary 15, 2019GetFalling in love is supposed to be the easy part. But nothing prepared me for losing my wife. I promised her that I’d love again. Find someone to mend my broken heart. And that seems imposs...
The Great Gatsby
F. Scott FitzgeraldApril 10, 1925GetAn Apple Books Classics edition. The Roaring Twenties are in full effect in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s riveting classic. Man-about-town Jay Gatsby seems to have it all, including loads of money...
Wanna Puck? (Book Two)
Layla Valentine & Ana SparksDecember 24, 2021GetOne cool-as-ice veteran player One smoking hot rising star And little old me in the middle All wrapped up in an all-star ménage a trois I've been sent to write a piece on two NHL stars Joel...
Someone Else's Daughter
Linsey LanierOctober 29, 2010GetBook I of the popular Miranda's Rights Mystery series by bestselling author Linsey Lanier. A woman can never make herself too tough, too strong, or too street smart. THE SEARCHIN...
Falling for Prince Charming: A Feel-Good Romantic Comedy
Sophie-Leigh RobbinsSeptember 7, 2021GetFalling for your best friend's brother is tricky… unless you're keeping it a secret. Elle I never thought I'd be serving hotdogs dressed as an actual hotdog at the local amusement park. No...
Romancing His Rival
Poppy St JamesAugust 16, 2021GetTwo enemies. One wedding. The plan was simple . . . until they started to fall for each other. Noah and Olivia are total opposites. She’s buttoned up and proper, focused en...
Calamity Rayne: Gets A Life
Lydia MichaelsJanuary 20, 2017GetAn awkward girl's account of inexperience, sexual mishaps, and too much tequila... Needing a change, Rayne Meyers—a.k.a. Calamity Rayne—sets out to be a personal assistant for one of the...
A Lot Like Home
Kathryn CantrellMay 21, 2018GetDestiny isn't a thing in her world. Smooth-talking strangers need not apply... Superstition Springs native Havana Nixon is convinced letting a big developer into their tiny Texas oasis is th...
Come Back for Me
Corinne MichaelsJanuary 7, 2020GetFrom New York Times Bestselling author Corinne Michaels comes a new emotional and riveting standalone love story. One night, eight years ago, she gave me peace. No names. No prom...
The Art of War
Sun TzuOctober 4, 2010GetAn Apple Books Classic edition. It’s believed that Sun Tzu wrote this Chinese military primer during the 5th century BC-hundreds of years before the Bible. The book’s 13 chapters explore...
The Recruiting Trip
Lexy TimmsNovember 19, 2014GetAspiring college athlete Aileen Nessa is finding the recruiting process beyond daunting. Being ranked #10 in the world for the 100m hurdles at the age of eighteen is not a fluke, even though...
Jaxon
Olivia SandsJune 2, 2019GetShe's his little sister's best friend. Completely off limits. And now they're working together. Jaxon Green 's plans to offer a summer camp for kids at his thoroughbred training ...
Become A Better Version of Yourself
Ben LeightonFebruary 22, 2015GetThis ebook contains golden nuggets on how to motivate, inspire and improve your current situation. It encompasses the holistic view of self improvement from mental& emotional wellbeing, ...
The Boss
Lexy TimmsJuly 23, 2015GetFrom USA TODAY Bestselling Author, Lexy Timms, comes a billionaire romance that'll crank up the heat and have you falling in love all over again. Jamie Connors has given up on finding a man....
Think and Grow Rich
Greg Habstritt & Napoleon HillDecember 23, 2010GetThink and Grow Rich is one of the most popular success book of all-time, having sold more than 60 million copies since it was first published more than 70 years ago. It&...
The School of Starting Over
Lisa SwiftMarch 11, 2020Get‘this was a delight to read …I just can’t recommend it enough. The best romance book I’ve read this year .’ ☆☆☆☆☆ Books and Bookends Nell’s going back to school… but ...
Small Town Big Rumors
Willow WintersFebruary 8, 2022GetHe tasted like tequila and the fake name I gave him was Rose. Four years ago, I decided to get over one man, by getting under another. A single night and nothing more. I found my handsome st...
The Killing Game (An Alexa Chase Suspense Thriller—Book 1)
Kate BoldOctober 15, 2021GetAlexa Chase, 34, a brilliant profiler in the FBI’s Behavioral Analysis Unit, was too good at her job. Haunted by all the serial killers she caught, she left a stunning career behind to joi...
Bedtime Stories for Kids
Uncle AmonJune 15, 2015GetAre you looking for a children's book that is highly entertaining, great for early readers, and is jam-packed with bedtime stories? This children's storybook has it all! This is an excellent...
Best Seller Elisha Gray Audio Books of October 2022
- Can't Hurt Me: Master Your Mind and Defy the Odds (Unabridged)David Goggins$21.99
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- We'll Always Have SummerJenny Han$16.99
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- The Secret (Unabridged)Rhonda Byrne$12.99
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- The HobbitJ.R.R. Tolkien$14.99
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- The Lightning Thief: Percy Jackson and the Olympians: Book 1 (Unabridged)Rick Riordan$14.99
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- November 9 (Unabridged)Colleen Hoover$16.99
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- Maybe Someday (Unabridged)Colleen Hoover$4.99
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- The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual EnlightenmentEckhart Tolle$19.99
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- The End of the World is Just the BeginningPeter Zeihan$24.99
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- The Four Agreements (Unabridged)Don Miguel Ruiz$10.99
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- Rising Tiger (Unabridged)Brad Thor$14.99
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- Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones (Unabridged)James Clear$14.99
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- Talking to StrangersMalcolm Gladwell$14.99
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- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of AzkabanJ.K. Rowling$25.99
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- The Fellowship of the RingJ.R.R. Tolkien$19.99
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- One of Us Is DeadJeneva Rose$3.99
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- Rich Dad Poor Dad: 20th Anniversary Edition: What the Rich Teach Their Kids About Money That the Poor and Middle Class Do Not! (Unabridged)Robert T. Kiyosaki$12.99
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- I'd Like to Play Alone, PleaseTom Segura$16.99
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- It's Not Summer Without YouJenny Han$16.99
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- It Ends with Us (Unabridged)Colleen Hoover$12.99
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- How To Win Friends And Influence People (Unabridged)Dale Carnegie$14.99
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- The Song of AchillesMadeline Miller$19.99
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- The Power Of Positive Thinking (Unabridged)Dr. Norman Vincent Peale$19.99
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- What Happened to You?Oprah Winfrey & Bruce D. Perry$14.99
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- The Richest Man in BabylonGeorge S. Clason$3.99
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- Silva Mind Control Method (Unabridged)Jose Silva$12.99
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- Untamed (Unabridged)Glennon Doyle$16.99
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- The Girl UpstairsGeorgina Lees$2.99
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- Where the Crawdads Sing (Unabridged)Delia Owens$14.99
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- Hornet's NestPatricia Cornwell$3.99
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