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The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Rōmānum [ɪmˈpɛri.ũː roːˈmaːnũː]; Koinē Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, romanized: Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia ruled by emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus to the military anarchy of the 3rd century, it was a principate with Italy as metropole of the provinces and the city of Rome as sole capital (27 BC – AD 286). After the military crisis, the empire was ruled by multiple emperors who shared rule over the Western Roman Empire and over the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire). Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until AD 476, when the imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople, following the capture of Ravenna by the barbarians of Odoacer and the subsequent deposition of Romulus Augustulus. The adoption of Christianity as the state church of the Roman Empire in AD 380 and the fall of the Western Roman Empire to Germanic kings conventionally marks the end of Classical antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. Those events, along with the gradual hellenization of the Eastern Roman Empire is why historians distinguish the medieval Roman Empire that remained in the Eastern provinces as the Byzantine Empire. The predecessor state of the Roman Empire, the Roman Republic (which had replaced Rome's monarchy in the 6th century BC) became severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflicts. In the mid-1st century BC, Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and proscriptions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The following year Octavian conquered Ptolemaic Egypt, ending the Hellenistic period that had begun with the conquests of Alexander the Great of Macedon in the 4th century BC. Octavian's power then became unassailable, and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively making him the first Roman emperor. The first two centuries of the Empire saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana ("Roman Peace"). Rome reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (AD 98–117). A period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus (177–192). In the 3rd century the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, as the Gallic Empire and Palmyrene Empire broke away from the Roman state, and a series of short-lived emperors, often from the legions, led the empire. The empire was reunified under Aurelian (r. 270–275). In an effort to stabilize it, Diocletian set up two different imperial courts in the Greek East and Latin West in 286. Christians rose to positions of power in the 4th century following the Edict of Milan of 313. Shortly after, the Migration Period, involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and by the Huns of Attila, led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the fall of Ravenna to the Germanic Herulians and the deposition of Romulus Augustus in AD 476 by Odoacer, the Western Roman Empire finally collapsed; the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno formally abolished it in AD 480. Nonetheless, some states in the territories of the former Western Roman Empire would later claim to have inherited the supreme power of the emperors of Rome, most notably the Holy Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire survived for another millennium, until Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks of Sultan Mehmed II in 1453.Due to the Roman Empire's vast extent and long endurance, the institutions and culture of Rome had a profound and lasting influence on the development of language, religion, art, architecture, philosophy, law, and forms of government in the territory it governed, and far beyond. The Latin language of the Romans evolved into the Romance languages of the medieval and modern world, while Medieval Greek became the language of the Eastern Roman Empire. The Empire's adoption of Christianity led to the formation of medieval Christendom. Greek and Roman art had a profound impact on the Italian Renaissance. Rome's architectural tradition served as the basis for Romanesque, Renaissance and Neoclassical architecture, and also had a strong influence on Islamic architecture. The corpus of Roman law has its descendants in many legal systems of the world today, such as the Napoleonic Code, while Rome's republican institutions have left an enduring legacy, influencing the Italian city-state republics of the medieval period, as well as the early United States and other modern democratic republics. History Transition from Republic to Empire Rome had begun expanding shortly after the founding of the republic in the 6th century BC, though it did not expand outside the Italian peninsula until the 3rd century BC. Then, it was an "empire" (i.e. a great power) long before it had an emperor. The Roman Republic was not a nation-state in the modern sense, but a network of towns left to rule themselves (though with varying degrees of independence from the Roman Senate) and provinces administered by military commanders. It was ruled, not by emperors, but by annually elected magistrates (Roman Consuls above all) in conjunction with the Senate. For various reasons, the 1st century BC was a time of political and military upheaval, which ultimately led to rule by emperors. The consuls' military power rested in the Roman legal concept of imperium, which literally means "command" (though typically in a military sense). Occasionally, successful consuls were given the honorary title imperator (commander), and this is the origin of the word emperor (and empire) since this title (among others) was always bestowed to the early emperors upon their accession.Rome suffered a long series of internal conflicts, conspiracies and civil wars from the late second century BC onward, while greatly extending its power beyond Italy. This was the period of the Crisis of the Roman Republic. Towards the end of this era, in 44 BC, Julius Caesar was briefly perpetual dictator before being assassinated. The faction of his assassins was driven from Rome and defeated at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC by an army led by Mark Antony and Caesar's adopted son Octavian. Antony and Octavian's division of the Roman world between themselves did not last and Octavian's forces defeated those of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, ending the Final War of the Roman Republic. In 27 BC the Senate and People of Rome made Octavian princeps ("first citizen") with proconsular imperium, thus beginning the Principate (the first epoch of Roman imperial history, usually dated from 27 BC to 284 AD), and gave hi.... Discover the Foreign Service Institute Dicendi popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Foreign Service Institute Dicendi books.
Best Seller Foreign Service Institute Dicendi Books of June 2021
How to Find Love in a Bookshop
Veronica HenryAugust 15, 2017$1.99“Absolutely delightful.” — People The enchanting story of a bookshop, its grieving owner, a supportive literary community, and the extraordinary power of books to heal the heart ...
The Sweetness of Water (Oprah’s Book Club)
Nathan HarrisJune 15, 2021$14.99AN OPRAH’S BOOK CLUB PICK In the spirit of The Known World and The Underground Railroad , “a stunning debut” ( Oprah Daily ) about the unlikely bond between two freedmen who are brothe...
The Best of Us
Robyn CarrJanuary 8, 2019$2.99In Sullivan’s Crossing, #1 New York Times bestselling author Robyn Carr has created a place where good people, powerful emotions, great humor and a healthy dose of common sense are the key...
Sea Glass Cove
Suzie O'ConnellJune 18, 2019$0.99The Abalone Shell Recently divorced Hope St. Cloud is in need of a fresh perspective, and she knows exactly where to find it—at her family’s cottage in Sea Glass Cove. Here, she and her ...
Debbie Macomber's Cedar Cove Series Vol 1
Debbie MacomberAugust 12, 2014$2.99Welcome to Debbie Macomber's Cedar Cove! This is small-town life at its best—and its most interesting… Meet some of the people living here: 16 Lighthouse Road. This is Olivia Lockhart's ...
No Good Deeds
Laura LippmanMarch 17, 2009$1.99New York Times Bestseller Award-winning and New York Times bestselling author Laura Lippman’s Tess Monaghan—first introduced in the classic Baltimore Blues—becomes involved in a compli...
Tom Clancy Target Acquired
Don BentleyJune 8, 2021$14.99Jack Ryan, Jr., will do anything for a friend, but this favor will be paid for in blood in the latest electric entry in the #1 New York Times bestselling series. Jack Ryan, Jr. would do anyt...
Sea Wife
Amity GaigeApril 28, 2020$1.99A New York Times Notable Book of the Year “Brilliantly breathes life not only into the perils of living at sea, but also into the hidden dangers of domesticity, parenthood, and marriage. W...
Sooley
John GrishamApril 27, 2021$14.99NEW YORK TIMES BEST SELLER • John Grisham takes you to a different kind of court in his first basketball novel. Samuel “Sooley” Sooleymon is a raw, young talent with big hoop dreams—...
Without Sanction
Don BentleyMarch 3, 2020$1.99After surviving a clandestine operation that went tragically wrong, Matt Drake escaped Syria with his life, but little else. Now, to save the life of another, he must return to Syria and con...
The Coroner
Jennifer Graeser DornbushAugust 7, 2018$1.99Summoned to take up her estranged father’s post as a medical examiner, surgeon Emily Hartford discovers home is where the bodies are buried in this “intense, riveting mystery” debut ( ...
The Doctor of Aleppo
Dan MaylandAugust 11, 2020$0.99<p>While working in the ancient Silk Road city of Aleppo, American Hannah Johnson and her Swedish lover Oskar are drawn into the mounting turbulence of the impending Syrian c...
Reading behind Bars
Jill GrunenwaldJuly 2, 2019$1.99“A fascinating look into a world many of us never see, and a powerful story about one woman’s journey to find her own strength, with a clear message of the importance of books and inform...
The President's Daughter
James Patterson & Bill ClintonJune 7, 2021$14.99All Presidents have nightmares. This one is about to come true. A rocket ride of a thriller—the new blockbuster by President Bill Clinton and James Patterson, “the dream team” (L...
The Beach House
Jenny HaleJune 9, 2021$0.99An absolutely gorgeous and heartwarming read about finding love where you least expect it, new beginnings, and how family is always with you, no matter where you are. Fans of Susan Mallery, ...
Project Hail Mary
Andy WeirMay 4, 2021$14.99NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • A lone astronaut must save the earth from disaster in this “propulsive” ( Entertainment Weekly ) new science-based thriller from the bestselling author...
The Art of Deception
Nora RobertsJune 15, 2021$6.99A young woman finds herself caught up in international intrigue—and gets her heart stolen—in The Art of Deception from #1 New York Times bestselling author Nora Roberts, “the queen of ...
A Lady's Trust
Callie HuttonMarch 16, 2021$0.99Can he trust his instincts, or is she playing him for a fool. . . . . Driscoll Rose and his two brothers own and run The Rose Room, a well-known and profitable gaming club in London. Unknown...
Where the Crawdads Sing
Delia OwensAugust 14, 2018$12.99#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLING PHENOMENON More than 6 million copies sold A Reese Witherspoon x Hello Sunshine Book Club Pick A Business Insider Defining Book of the Decade "I can't eve...
Golden Girl
Elin HilderbrandJune 1, 2021$14.99In this satisfying page-turner from "the queen of beach reads" ( New York Magazine ), a Nantucket novelist has one final summer to protect her secrets while her loved ones on earth learn to ...
House of Earth and Blood
Sarah J. MaasMarch 3, 2020$2.99A #1 New York Times bestseller! Sarah J. Maas's brand-new CRESCENT CITY series begins with House of Earth and Blood: the story of half-Fae and half-human Bryce Quinlan as she seeks reven...
The Commanders’ Mate
Grace GoodwinMarch 19, 2019$0.99Commander Karter is a Prillon Warrior. His first duty is to protect his people, to defend the Coalition worlds from a fate too terrible to comprehend. Battle is his life. His heart. He fight...
The Last Thing He Told Me
Laura DaveMay 4, 2021$12.99#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER SELECTION OF THE REESE WITHERSPOON BOOK CLUB A HIGHLY ANTICIPATED, BEST BOOK OF SUMMER SELECTED BY * VOGUE * USA TODAY * ENTERTAINMENT WEEKLY * CNN * TOWN & ...
The Four Winds
Kristin HannahFebruary 2, 2021$14.99#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER #1 USA TODAY BESTSELLER #1 WALL STREET JOURNAL BESTSELLER #1 INDIE BESTSELLER " The Four Winds seems eerily prescient in 2021 . . . Its message is galvanizing an...
Local Woman Missing
Mary KubicaMay 18, 2021$12.99"Dark and twisty, with white-knuckle tension and jaw-dropping surprises." —Riley Sager, New York Times bestselling author of Home Before Dark In this smart and chilling thri...
Xenophon's Cyrus the Great
XenophonApril 1, 2007$1.99In 1906, a stilted English translation of Xenophon of Athens' story about Cyrus the Great's military campaigns was published. Now, a century later, a much more accessible edition of one of h...
The Cellist
Daniel SilvaJuly 13, 2021$14.99From Daniel Silva, the internationally acclaimed #1 New York Times bestselling author, comes a timely and explosive new thriller featuring art restorer and legendary spy Gabriel Allon. Vikto...
'Salem's Lot
Stephen KingApril 1, 1990$1.99Ben Mears has returned to Jerusalem’s Lot in hopes that exploring the history of the Marsten House, an old mansion long the subject of rumor and speculation, will help him cast out his per...
The Judge's List
John GrishamOctober 19, 2021$14.99From the #1 New York Times bestselling author, a new legal thriller about a man who might be the most criminal sitting judge in American history As an investigator f...
Malibu Rising
Taylor Jenkins ReidJune 1, 2021$13.99NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • Read with Jenna Book Club Pick as Featured on Today • From the author of Daisy Jones & The Six and The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo . . . ...
To the Brink
Cindy GerardApril 1, 2007$1.99Working on highly sensitive diplomatic affairs, Darcy Prescott is a natural target for terrorist kidnappers. But when she's mysteriously plucked off a street in Manila one sultry night, Darc...
How to Grill Everything
Mark BittmanMay 14, 2018$16.99The ultimate grilling guide and the latest in Mark Bittman’s acclaimed How to Cook Everything series Here’s how to grill absolutely everything—from the perfect steak to cedar-plank sal...
It Ends with Us
Colleen HooverAugust 2, 2016$11.99In this “brave and heartbreaking novel that digs its claws into you and doesn’t let go, long after you’ve finished it” (Anna Todd, New York Times bestselling author) from the #1 New ...
My Lovely Wife
Samantha DowningMarch 26, 2019$1.99SOON TO BE A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE INSTANT #1 INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER USA Today bestseller Edgar + ITW Thriller Award nominee for Best First Novel “Think: Dexter but sexier.”— th...
The Silent Patient
Alex MichaelidesFebruary 5, 2019$12.99**THE INSTANT #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER** "An unforgettable—and Hollywood-bound—new thriller... A mix of Hitchcockian suspense, Agatha Christie plotting, and Greek tragedy." — Enter...
People We Meet on Vacation
Emily HenryMay 11, 2021$9.99THE #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER! Named a Most Anticipated Book of 2021 by Newsweek ∙ Oprah Magazine ∙ The Skimm ∙ Marie Claire ∙ Parade ∙ The Wall Street Journal ∙ Chicago...
The Duplicate Bride
Ginny BairdSeptember 29, 2020$0.99Saying “I do” has never been this much fun in this charming new romance from New York Times bestselling author Ginny Baird. Hope Webb can’t believe her twin sister, Jackie, is begging ...
The Midnight Library
Matt HaigSeptember 29, 2020$13.99The New York Times bestselling WORLDWIDE phenomenon Winner of the Goodreads Choice Award for Fiction | A Good Morning America Book Club Pick "A feel-good book guaranteed to lif...
The Maidens
Alex MichaelidesJune 15, 2021$14.99"Alex Michaelides’s long-awaited next novel, 'The Maidens,' is finally here...the premise is enticing and the elements irresistible." —The New York Times "A deliciously dark, elegant, ut...
Beautifully Broken Life
Catherine CowlesJune 25, 2019$3.99She’s on the run… Tessa has finally found a safe haven in Sutter Lake, hiding in plain sight—just as long as no one asks too many questions. He can’t escape… Liam...
Killing the Mob
Bill O'Reilly & Martin DugardMay 4, 2021$14.99Instant #1 New York Times , Wall Street Journal , and Publishers Weekly bestseller! In the tenth book in the multimillion-selling Killing series, Bill O’Reilly and Martin Dugard take on th...
Legacy
Nora RobertsMay 25, 2021$14.99#1 New York Times bestselling author Nora Roberts presents Legacy , a new novel of a mother and a daughter, of ambition and romance, and of a traumatic past reawakened by a terrifying threat...
A Gambling Man
David BaldacciApril 20, 2021$14.99Aloysius Archer, the straight-talking World War II veteran fresh out of prison, returns in this riveting #1 New York Times bestselling thriller from David Baldacci. The 1950s are...
Elizabeth I
Margaret GeorgeApril 5, 2011$1.99The New York Times bestseller from Margaret George—a captivating novel about history's most enthralling queen, the legendary Elizabeth I. England’s greatest monarch has baffled and intri...
That Summer
Jennifer WeinerMay 11, 2021$14.99INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “Weiner, the undisputed boss of the beach read, is back with another stunner.” — The New York Times “ That Summer Is Your *IDEAL* Beach Read.” —...
Live Your Life
Amanda Kloots & Anna KlootsJune 15, 2021$14.99Amanda Kloots bravely reflects on love, loss, and life with her husband, Broadway star, and Tony Award nominee Nick Cordero, whose public battle with COVID-19 and tragic death made headlines...
Murder at the Breakers
Alyssa MaxwellMarch 25, 2014$5.99In a historical mystery for Downton Abbey fans, a society reporter covers a killer party in Gilded Age Newport. Newport, Rhode Island, August 1895: She may be a less well-heeled relation, bu...
The Bomber Mafia
Malcolm GladwellApril 27, 2021$14.99An exploration of how technology and best intentions collide in the heat of war A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice In The Bomber Mafia , Malcolm Gladwell weaves together th...