Isaac Richard Popular Books

Isaac Richard Biography & Facts

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His pioneering book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, consolidated many previous results and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus, though he developed calculus years before Leibniz. He is considered one of the greatest and most influential scientists in history.In the Principia, Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint for centuries until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena, eradicating doubt about the Solar System's heliocentricity. He demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and celestial bodies could be accounted for by the same principles. Newton's inference that the Earth is an oblate spheroid was later confirmed by the geodetic measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, convincing most European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over earlier systems. Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a sophisticated theory of colour based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colours of the visible spectrum. His work on light was collected in his highly influential book Opticks, published in 1704. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling, made the first theoretical calculation of the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a method for approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves. Newton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. He was a devout but unorthodox Christian who privately rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. He refused to take holy orders in the Church of England, unlike most members of the Cambridge faculty of the day. Beyond his work on the mathematical sciences, Newton dedicated much of his time to the study of alchemy and biblical chronology, but most of his work in those areas remained unpublished until long after his death. Politically and personally tied to the Whig party, Newton served two brief terms as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge, in 1689–1690 and 1701–1702. He was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 and spent the last three decades of his life in London, serving as Warden (1696–1699) and Master (1699–1727) of the Royal Mint, as well as president of the Royal Society (1703–1727). Early life Isaac Newton was born (according to the Julian calendar in use in England at the time) on Christmas Day, 25 December 1642 (NS 4 January 1643) at Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, a hamlet in the county of Lincolnshire. His father, also named Isaac Newton, had died three months before. Born prematurely, Newton was a small child; his mother Hannah Ayscough reportedly said that he could have fit inside a quart mug. When Newton was three, his mother remarried and went to live with her new husband, the Reverend Barnabas Smith, leaving her son in the care of his maternal grandmother, Margery Ayscough (née Blythe). Newton disliked his stepfather and maintained some enmity towards his mother for marrying him, as revealed by this entry in a list of sins committed up to the age of 19: "Threatening my father and mother Smith to burn them and the house over them." Newton's mother had three children (Mary, Benjamin, and Hannah) from her second marriage. The King's School From the age of about twelve until he was seventeen, Newton was educated at The King's School in Grantham, which taught Latin and Ancient Greek and probably imparted a significant foundation of mathematics. He was removed from school and returned to Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth by October 1659. His mother, widowed for the second time, attempted to make him a farmer, an occupation he hated. Henry Stokes, master at The King's School, persuaded his mother to send him back to school. Motivated partly by a desire for revenge against a schoolyard bully, he became the top-ranked student, distinguishing himself mainly by building sundials and models of windmills. University of Cambridge In June 1661, Newton was admitted to Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. His uncle Reverend William Ayscough, who had studied at Cambridge, recommended him to the university. At Cambridge, Newton started as a subsizar, paying his way by performing valet duties until he was awarded a scholarship in 1664, which covered his university costs for four more years until the completion of his MA. At the time, Cambridge's teachings were based on those of Aristotle, whom Newton read along with then more modern philosophers, including Descartes and astronomers such as Galileo Galilei and Thomas Street. He set down in his notebook a series of "Quaestiones" about mechanical philosophy as he found it. In 1665, he discovered the generalised binomial theorem and began to develop a mathematical theory that later became calculus. Soon after Newton obtained his BA degree at Cambridge in August 1665, the university temporarily closed as a precaution against the Great Plague.Although he had been undistinguished as a Cambridge student, Newton's private studies at his home in Woolsthorpe over the next two years saw the development of his theories on calculus, optics, and the law of gravitation.In April 1667, Newton returned to the University of Cambridge, and in October he was elected as a fellow of Trinity. Fellows were required to take holy orders and be ordained as Anglican priests, although this was not enforced in the Restoration years, and an assertion of conformity to the Church of England was sufficient. He made the commitment that "I will either set Theology as the object of my studies and will take holy orders when the time prescribed by these statutes [7 years] arrives, or I will resign from the college." Up until this point he had not thought much about religion and had twice signed his agreement to the Thirty-nine Articles, the basis of Church of England doctrine. By 1675 the issue could not be avoided, and by then his unconventional views stood in the way.His academic work impressed the Luc.... Discover the Isaac Richard popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Isaac Richard books.

Best Seller Isaac Richard Books of 2024

  • A Roadmap Through Your Retirement Future synopsis, comments

    A Roadmap Through Your Retirement Future

    Isaac Richard

    Whether you’re approaching retirement or you’ve already made the transition, the complexities we face planning for the future can be overwhelming. This book will help answer the fu...

  • Spirited synopsis, comments

    Spirited

    Julie Cohen

    'I stayed up late, gripped. An unusual, moving read. I LOVED it!' Marian Keyes'Haunting, tender and true this story cast a spell on me' Kirsty Logan'This haunting story about the ...

  • Trick Baby synopsis, comments

    Trick Baby

    Iceberg Slim

    The author that brought black literature to the streets is back. Weaving stories of deceit, sex, humor, and race, bestselling author Iceberg Slim brings us the story of a hustler w...

  • Frank J. Cissne and Isaac B. Cupp v. Richard L. Robertson synopsis, comments

    Frank J. Cissne and Isaac B. Cupp v. Richard L. Robertson

    Fifth District, Dallas Court of Appeals of Texas

    In this suit to recover a real estate commission, appellants, Frank J. Cissne (the salesman) and Isaac B. Cupp, Jr. (the broker), appeal from a judgment in favor of appellees, Rich...

  • The Naked Soul of Iceberg Slim synopsis, comments

    The Naked Soul of Iceberg Slim

    Iceberg Slim

    Iceberg Slim described himself as “ill…from America’s fake façade of justice and democracy,” an illness that may have been a detriment, but evolved into the tales that serve as a c...

  • Long White Con synopsis, comments

    Long White Con

    Iceberg Slim

    Iceberg Slim, bestselling author of Pimp and Trick Baby, brings us yet another riveting classic about the most incredible con man ever to have risen.Picking up where Trick Baby lef...

  • The Never-Ending Summer synopsis, comments

    The Never-Ending Summer

    Emma Kennedy

    'Emma Kennedy's books are as funny, warm and lifeinspiring as she is' Jenny Colgan'An excellent read. I loved all the characters' Claudia Winkleman'A warm, funny and truly lifeaffi...

  • Ten Physicists who Transformed our Understanding of Reality synopsis, comments

    Ten Physicists who Transformed our Understanding of Reality

    Rhodri Evans & Brian Clegg

    Acclaimed popularscience writer Brian Clegg and popular TV and radio astronomer Rhodri Evans give us a Top Ten list of physicists as the central theme to build an exploration of th...

  • Isaac T. Preston, Executor of James Brown, Deceased, Plaintiff in Error v. Richard R. Keene synopsis, comments

    Isaac T. Preston, Executor of James Brown, Deceased, Plaintiff in Error v. Richard R. Keene

    United States Supreme Court

    This case comes before us, by appeal, from a decree of the Circuit Court of the United States, for the Eastern District of Louisiana. It was a petition, according to the course of ...

  • The Works of Mr. Richard Hooker ... Also a life of the author, by Isaac Walton. A new edition. VOL. II synopsis, comments

    The Works of Mr. Richard Hooker ... Also a life of the author, by Isaac Walton. A new edition. VOL. II

    Richard Hooker

    The FICTION & PROSE LITERATURE collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. The collection provides readers with a perspective of the world from s...

  • The Works of Mr. Richard Hooker ... Also a life of the author, by Isaac Walton. A new edition. VOL.I synopsis, comments

    The Works of Mr. Richard Hooker ... Also a life of the author, by Isaac Walton. A new edition. VOL.I

    Richard Hooker

    The FICTION & PROSE LITERATURE collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. The collection provides readers with a perspective of the world from s...

  • Dead Souls synopsis, comments

    Dead Souls

    Nikolai Gogol

    Since its publication in 1842, Dead Souls has been celebrated as a supremely realistic portrait of provincial Russian life and as a splendidly exaggerated tale; as a paean to the R...

  • The Scientist as Rebel synopsis, comments

    The Scientist as Rebel

    Freeman Dyson

    33 essays on the fads and fantasies of science and scientistsincluding climate prediction, genetic engineering, space colonization, and paranormal phenomenaby “the iconoclastic phy...

  • Pimp synopsis, comments

    Pimp

    Iceberg Slim

    “[In Pimp], Iceberg Slim breaks down some of the coldest, capitalist concepts I’ve ever heard in my life.” Dave Chappelle, from his Nextflix special The Bird RevelationPimp sent sh...

  • Joseph D. Beers, William L. Booth and Isaac R. St John, Plaintiffs in Error v. Richard Haughton synopsis, comments

    Joseph D. Beers, William L. Booth and Isaac R. St John, Plaintiffs in Error v. Richard Haughton

    United States Supreme Court

    [Syllabus from pages 329331 intentionally omitted] ERROR to the circuit court of the United States for the district of Ohio.

  • Death Wish synopsis, comments

    Death Wish

    Iceberg Slim

    This is the original mafia story that spawned all the restthe story of Chicago’s ruthless and tireless mafia.Power hungry Don, Jimmy Collucci, is out to become the kingpin of Chica...

  • Theaetetus synopsis, comments

    Theaetetus

    Plato

    Set immediately prior to the trial and execution of Socrates in 399 BC, Theaetetus shows the great philosopher considering the nature of knowledge itself, in a debate with the geom...

  • Mama Black Widow synopsis, comments

    Mama Black Widow

    Iceberg Slim

    “Iceberg Slim breaks down some of the coldest, capitalist concepts I’ve ever heard in my life.” Dave Chappelle, from his Netflix special The Bird RevelationThe most gritty and real...