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The Guizhou JL-9, also known as the FTC-2000 Mountain Eagle (Chinese: 山鹰; pinyin: Shānyīng), is a family of two-seat transonic advanced jet trainer and light combat aircraft developed by the Guizhou Aviation Industry Import/Export Company (GAIEC) for the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) and the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF). Development The FTC-2000 started as a GAIEC private venture to develop an inexpensive trainer for fourth generation aircraft. The trainer was revealed at the 2001 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition. The aircraft are reported to be produced at a GAIC assembly line in Anshun, Guizhou.The FTC-2000, as the JL-9, competed with the Hongdu JL-10 to meet the advanced trainer requirements of the PLAAF and PLANAF. The JL-10 is more technologically advanced, but also more expensive, than the JL-9. In 2013, both had entered production.A carrier-landing trainer variant was revealed by Chinese state media in 2011. Designated the JL-9G, it has strengthened undercarriage, enlarged wing and diverterless supersonic inlets, but has proved to be unsuitable for arrested landings and is limited to land-based operations.On 5 September 2018, Chinese state-run Xinhua News Agency reported that GAIC had begun mass production of the FTC-2000G variant. On 28 September, it was reported that the first mass-produced FTC-2000G performed its maiden flight. In April 2020, China reported that an unnamed South-East Asian country had placed an order for the FTC-2000G, with deliveries expected between 2021 and 2023. Later it was confirmed that Myanmar had ordered those jets. Design The FTC-2000 is developed from the JJ-7/FT-7, the two seat trainer version of the Chengdu J-7; the Chengdu J-7 is a Chinese variant of the MiG-21. The FTC-2000 uses a new wing, a forward fuselage with side air intakes, and a glass cockpit; the engine, empennage, and mechanical controls of the JJ-7/FT-7 are retained. Operational history In 2014, the PLANAF had a regiment of JL-9s. However, it was not until October 18, 2015, that the PLAAF started using the JL-9 for training purposes.In April 2023, the Rapid Support Forces of Sudan launched an attack on Merowe Air Base, destroying one Sudanese FTC-2000 while capturing the base. Satellite imagery has revealed that three more FTC-2000s were present at the base at the time.On January 16, 2024, a Myanmar Air Force FTC-2000G was shot down by a Kachin Independence Army FN-6 missile in Shan State. Both pilots were killed. Variants FTC-2000: Original model and export designation. FTC-2000G: The FTC-2000G is a dual seat light combat aircraft/lead-in fighter trainer. It is one of the cheapest light fighters on the market with the aim to replace old legacy fighters like the J-7/F-7 and Mig-21. It has 7 hardpoints. It also features a diverterless supersonic inlet. It made its first flight in September 2018. Compared to the FTC-2000 trainer variant, the FTC-2000G is heavier, has a maximum speed of only Mach 1.2 due to a new wing design, and has less endurance than the FTC-2000. The aircraft can carry a maximum of 3 tons of weaponry. JL-9: Initial PLA variant. JL-9G: PLANAF carrier-trainer variant. It is a modified JL-9 for aircraft carrier training. It is designed for ski-jump ramp takeoffs and simulated arrested landings (land-based). and includes a tailhook.Operators  People's Republic of China People's Liberation Army Air Force - 30 JL-9 People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force - 28 JL-9, 12 JL-9G  Myanmar Myanmar Air Force — six delivered (unknown number ordered)  Sudan Sudanese Air Force — fiveSpecifications (FTC-2000) Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2010-11 General characteristics Crew: 2 Length: 14.555 m (47 ft 9 in) excluding nose-probe Wingspan: 8.32 m (27 ft 4 in) Height: 4.105 m (13 ft 6 in) Wing area: 26.15 m2 (281.5 sq ft) Gross weight: 7,800 kg (17,196 lb) clean7,900 kg (17,417 lb) normalMax takeoff weight: 9,800 kg (21,605 lb) Fuel capacity: 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) internal + up to 1,302 kg (2,870 lb) in external tanks Powerplant: 1 × Guizhou Liyang WP-13F (C) afterburning turbojet, 43.15 kN (9,700 lbf) thrust dry, 63.25 kN (14,220 lbf) with afterburner(1 × WP-14C Kunlun-3 for FTC-2000G, 53.89 kN (12,110 lbf) thrust dry and 76.53 kN (17,200 lbf) with afterburner.)Performance Maximum speed: 1,100 km/h (680 mph, 590 kn) / M1.05 Unstick and touchdown speed: 260 km/h (160 mph; 140 kn) Minimum flying speed: 210 km/h (130 mph; 110 kn) Cruise speed: 870 km/h (540 mph, 470 kn) Stall speed: 125 km/h (78 mph, 67 kn) Range: 863 km (536 mi, 466 nmi) on internal fuel Ferry range: 2,400 km (1,500 mi, 1,300 nmi) with maximum internal and external fuel Endurance: 3 hours Service ceiling: 16,000 m (52,000 ft) g limits: +8 -3 Rate of climb: 150 m/s (30,000 ft/min) at sea level Wing loading: 374.8 kg/m2 (76.8 lb/sq ft) Thrust/weight: 0.00645 kN/kg (0.658 lbf/lb) Take-off run: 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft) Landing run: 700 m (2,300 ft)Armament Guns: 1x 23mm cannon Hardpoints: 5 with a capacity of 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) maximum, with provisions to carry combinations of: Other: up to 3 x fuel tanks Missiles: Short range air-to-air missile 2x PL-8 AAMs (on inboard pylons) 2x PL-9 AAMs (on outboard pylons) Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles SD-10 (Only on FTC-2000G) Anti-radiation missiles CM-102 (Only on FTC-2000G)Avionics Pulse Doppler radar comms IFF Transponder EFIS HOTAS GPS / INSSee also Related development Chengdu J-7 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Aero L-159 Alca Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master BAE Systems Hawk HAL HJT-36 Sitara Hongdu JL-10 KAI T-50 Golden Eagle Yakovlev Yak-130 References Media related to Guizhou JL-9 at Wikimedia Commons . 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