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Proto-Germanic paganism was the beliefs of the speakers of Proto-Germanic and includes topics such as the Germanic mythology, legendry, and folk beliefs of early Germanic culture. By way of the comparative method, Germanic philologists, a variety of historical linguist, have proposed reconstructions of entities, locations, and concepts with various levels of security in early Germanic folklore (reconstructions are indicated by the presence of an asterisk). The present article includes both reconstructed forms and proposed motifs from the early Germanic period. Linguistic reconstructions can be obtained via comparison between the various Germanic languages, comparison with related words in other Indo-European languages, especially Celtic and Baltic, comparison with borrowings into neighbouring language families such as Uralic, or via a combination of those methods. This allows linguists to project some terms back to the Proto-Germanic period despite their attestation in only one Germanic language; for instance, *saidaz ('magic') is only attested in Old Norse seiðr, but has parallels in Proto-Celtic *soytos and Lithuanian saitas. Deities Entities Locations Other See also Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology Proto-Celtic paganism Proto-Indo-Iranian paganismNotes References Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989). Íslensk orðsifjabók. Orðabók Háskólans. Derksen, Rick (2007). Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15504-6. de Vries, Jan (1956). Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. Vol. 1 (1970 ed.). Walter De Gruyter. de Vries, Jan (1957). Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. Vol. 2 (1970 ed.). Walter De Gruyter. de Vries, Jan (1962). Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch (1977 ed.). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-05436-3. Falluomini, Carla (2017). "Zum gotischen Fragment aus Bologna II: Berichtigungen und neue Lesungen". Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und Literatur. 146 (3): 284–294. doi:10.3813/zfda-2017-0012. S2CID 217253695. Hopkins, Joseph; Þorgeirsson, Haukur (2011). "The Ship in the Field". RMN Newsletter (3): 14–18. Hopkins, Joseph (2012). "Goddesses Unknown I: Njǫrun and the Sister-Wife of Njǫrðr". RMN Newsletter (5): 39–44. Jackson, Peter (2002). "Light from Distant Asterisks. Towards a Description of the Indo-European Religious Heritage". Numen. 49 (1): 61–102. doi:10.1163/15685270252772777. ISSN 0029-5973. JSTOR 3270472. Koch, John T. (2020). Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West. University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. ISBN 9781907029325. Kroonen, Guus (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Brill. ISBN 9789004183407. Lecouteux, Claude (2016). Encyclopedia of Norse and Germanic Folklore, Mythology, and Magic. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-62055-481-4. Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986). A Gothic Etymological Dictionary. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08176-5. Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5. Orel, Vladimir (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12875-0. Poirier, Joseph (2007). "The Names of the Months in Europe: Agricultural and Meteorological influences". European Review. 15 (2): 199–207. doi:10.1017/S106279870700021X. S2CID 143383253. Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press. 2021. Puhvel, Jaan (1987). Comparative Mythology. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-3938-6. Rosenfeld, Hellmut; Hauck, Karl (1984). "Dioskuren". Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Vol. 5 (2 ed.). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3110096354. Rübekeil, Ludwig (2002). "Scandinavia In The Light of Ancient Tradition". In Bandle, Oskar [in German] (ed.). The Nordic Languages. Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 593–604. ISBN 9783110148763. Sermon, Richard (2008). "From Easter to Ostara: the Reinvention of a Pagan Goddess?". Time and Mind. 3 (1): 331–344. doi:10.2752/175169708X329372. S2CID 161574008. Simek, Rudolf (1984). Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie. A. Kröner. ISBN 3-520-36801-3. Simek, Rudolf (1993). Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 0-85991-513-1. Watkins, Calvert (1995). How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198024712. West, Martin L. (2007). Indo-European Poetry and Myth. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928075-9.. Discover the Joseph Scolden popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Joseph Scolden books.

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