Philip R Benge Popular Books

Philip R Benge Biography & Facts

The Cherokee–American wars, also known as the Chickamauga Wars, were a series of raids, campaigns, ambushes, minor skirmishes, and several full-scale frontier battles in the Old Southwest from 1776 to 1794 between the Cherokee and American settlers on the frontier. Most of the events took place in the Upper South region. While the fighting stretched across the entire period, there were extended periods with little or no action. The Cherokee leader Dragging Canoe, whom some historians call "the Savage Napoleon", and his warriors, and other Cherokee fought alongside and together with warriors from several other tribes, most often the Muscogee in the Old Southwest and the Shawnee in the Old Northwest. During the Revolutionary War, they also fought alongside British troops, Loyalist militia, and the King's Carolina Rangers against the rebel colonists, hoping to expel them from their territory. Open warfare broke out in the summer of 1776 in the Overmountain settlements of the Washington District, mainly those along the Watauga, Holston, Nolichucky, and Doe rivers in East Tennessee, as well as the colonies (later states) of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. It later spread to settlements along the Cumberland River in Middle Tennessee and in Kentucky. The wars can be divided into two phases. The first phase took place from 1776 to 1783, in which the Cherokee fought as allies of the Kingdom of Great Britain against the American colonies. The Cherokee War of 1776 encompassed the entirety of the Cherokee nation. At the end of 1776, the only militant Cherokee were those who migrated with Dragging Canoe to the Chickamauga towns and became known as the "Chickamauga Cherokee". The second phase lasted from 1783 to 1794. The Cherokee served as proxies of the Viceroyalty of New Spain against the recently formed United States of America. Because they migrated westward to new settlements initially known as the "Five Lower Towns", referring to their location in the Piedmont, these people became known as the Lower Cherokee. This term was used well into the 19th century. The Chickamauga ended their warfare in November 1794 with the Treaty of Tellico Blockhouse. In 1786, Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, a major war chief of the Iroquois, had organized the Western Confederacy of tribes to resist American settlement in Ohio Country. The Lower Cherokee were founding members and fought in the Northwest Indian War that resulted from this conflict. The Northwest Indian War ended with the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. The conclusion of the Indian wars enabled the settlement of what had been called "Indian territory" in the Royal Proclamation of 1763, and culminated in the first trans-Appalachian states, Kentucky in 1792 and Ohio in 1803. Prelude (1763–75) The French and Indian War and the related European theater conflict known as the Seven Years' War laid many of the foundations for the conflict between the Cherokee and the American settlers on the frontier. These tensions on the frontier broke out into open hostilities with the advent of the American Revolution. Aftermath of the French and Indian War The action of the French and Indian War in North America included the Anglo-Cherokee War, lasting 1758–1761. British forces under general James Grant destroyed a number of Cherokee towns, which were never reoccupied. Kituwa was abandoned, and its former residents migrated west; they took up residence at Mialoquo, called Great Island Town, on the Little Tennessee River among the Overhill Cherokee. At the end of this conflict, the Cherokee signed the Treaty of Long-Island-on-the-Holston with the Colony of Virginia (1761) and the Treaty of Charlestown with the Province of South Carolina (1762). Conocotocko (Standing Turkey), the First Beloved Man during the conflict, was replaced by Attakullakulla, who was pro-British. Having concluded the Treaty of Paris in 1763 to settle the European conflict, the British hoped to maintain peace in the colonies and were surprised with the outbreak of Pontiac's War in the north soon thereafter. In response, King George III hastened to issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in an effort to impose a boundary between the native tribes and encroaching colonists. The proclamation prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, at least temporarily, but was widely resented by the colonists. Treaties and land cession Once they were able to end hostilities with Pontiac's confederation, the British refocused their attention to settling treaties that could resolve land claims with tribes across the colonies. The two Superintendents for Indian Affairs for the northern and southern colonies contemporaneously negotiated the Treaty of Hard Labour with the Cherokee and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix with the Iroquois in 1768. The Cherokee were initially to retain their lands west of the Kanawha River, from its confluence with the Ohio to its headwaters, with the boundary continuing south to Spanish Florida. However, colonists in the Cherokee region continued to ignore the treaty line, in part because Fort Stanwix promulgated a boundary in the north that simply continued west along the Ohio. To further adjust the boundary, John Stuart, as Superintendent for Southern Indian Affairs, negotiated a second treaty with the Cherokee in 1770, the Treaty of Lochaber. This surrendered their remaining claims in what is now West Virginia and Kentucky and protected colonists north of the Holston River, in the region of today's Tennessee-Virginia border. Early colonial settlements The earliest colonial settlement in the vicinity of what became Upper East Tennessee was Sapling Grove (Bristol). This initial North-of-Holston settlement was founded by Evan Shelby, who first entered the area as early as 1765, but "purchased" the land in 1768 from John Buchanan. Jacob Brown began another settlement on the Nolichucky River, and John Carter another in what became known as Carter's Valley (between Clinch River and Beech Creek), both in 1771. Following the Battle of Alamance in 1771, James Robertson led a group of some twelve or thirteen Regulator families from North Carolina to the Watauga River. On May 8, 1772, the settlers on the Watauga and on the Nolichucky signed the Watauga Compact to form the Watauga Association. Each of the groups thought they were within the territorial limits of the colony of Virginia. After a survey proved their mistake, Alexander Cameron, Deputy Superintendent for Indian Affairs, ordered them to leave. Attakullakulla, First Beloved Man (Principal Chief) of the Cherokee, interceded on their behalf. The settlers were allowed to remain, provided no additional people joined them. In 1769, developers and land speculators planned to start a new colony called Vandalia in the territory ceded by the Cherokee. Plans for that fell through, however, and Virginia annexed it as the District of West Augusta in 1774. On June 1, 1773, the Cherokee and th.... Discover the Philip R Benge popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Philip R Benge books.

Best Seller Philip R Benge Books of 2024

  • Rescue Mission to the Stars synopsis, comments

    Rescue Mission to the Stars

    Philip R Benge

    The victim of a hit and run accident David Charlton wakes from a coma after two years to find that his father has gone missing in the depths of space while on a survey mission. Wit...

  • Journey to the Stars synopsis, comments

    Journey to the Stars

    Philip R Benge

    An alien pirate ship crashed into the ocean off the coast of Scotland, its survivors escaped and hijacked the first ever Ion drive ship built by Earth, the Jupiter Express, however...

  • Strange Tales synopsis, comments

    Strange Tales

    Philip R Benge

    Five short mild horror stories.In the first tale, a man finds that his immortal soul is in peril.In the second tale, a man seeks to change his life and succeeds in a way he could n...

  • Insurrection synopsis, comments

    Insurrection

    Philip R Benge

    The rulers of Kritania long ago chose a passive future for their people, but it is thrown into turmoil when a band of space pirates, who have scented easy money, instigate a coup. ...

  • A New Colony Amongst the Stars synopsis, comments

    A New Colony Amongst the Stars

    Philip R Benge

    A starship sets off to colonise the planet New Caledonia, little do the colonists realise that the ship has been sabotaged by a weird religious cult. One that believes that the pla...

  • Time Storm synopsis, comments

    Time Storm

    Philip R Benge

    In the year 2494, time the last frontier had just been conquered, and the two most powerful megalomaniacs in the galaxy each want control of it.An out of work twenty first century ...

  • Rebirth synopsis, comments

    Rebirth

    Philip R Benge

    Two Aldebran spies steal the latest technology from Earth and leave a trail of bodies behind them as they escape. Two government agents are on their trail but are almost killed jus...

  • Creatures of Hell synopsis, comments

    Creatures of Hell

    Philip R Benge

    Professor, Myrddin Llewellyn is no newcomer to battling against evil, however, he needs his old friend and his newfound allies in his battle against the denizens of hell this time....

  • Pen Draig synopsis, comments

    Pen Draig

    Philip R Benge

    Alun Reece, was once Starfleet’s ablest captain, but following the death of his wife, he was thrown in to the depths of depression. Then an astronomer receives a message for Mankin...

  • Quasar synopsis, comments

    Quasar

    Philip R Benge

    Many brave men had died fighting against Quasar, Admiral Amundsen, Captain Olsen led the list, but many others aided them, but only at the very end did they come to realise just wh...

  • A Voyage of Discovery to the Stars synopsis, comments

    A Voyage of Discovery to the Stars

    Philip R Benge

    A voyage of discovery set in the 24th century. A freighter, the Bright Star is destroyed when a drone seemingly loses control and crashes in to the freighter while it is parked at ...

  • Invasion Earth synopsis, comments

    Invasion Earth

    Philip R Benge

    The threat of Armageddon forces an alien race to look upon Earth as a new home world for their people. Against their superior technology Earth must rely upon Sally Jameson, a scien...

  • Lost, and Far from Home synopsis, comments

    Lost, and Far from Home

    Philip R Benge

    The starship Sirius Star suffers a near total loss of power as it approaches the planet Malletta, and only narrowly averts a disastrous crash upon the planet. Even so, it desperate...

  • The Return of the Bitch from Hell synopsis, comments

    The Return of the Bitch from Hell

    Philip R Benge

    The major demon Lord Asbaritch had only loved one woman in the eons that he had served Lord Lucifer, now he had lost her because of Rob Hinds and his friend David Pritchard, but th...

  • The Treasure of Altaraus synopsis, comments

    The Treasure of Altaraus

    Philip R Benge

    On the far off world of Mazere, clues to the whereabouts of the treasures of Atlantis are discovered by Professor Halliard of the Museum for Ancient Alien Civilisations. Whom else ...

  • Alien Attack synopsis, comments

    Alien Attack

    Philip R Benge

    Contact with the bases on Mars is lost, then a mysterious attacker destroys all the space stations, the space telescopes and finally a space shuttle. All communications on Earth ar...

  • Return to Paradise synopsis, comments

    Return to Paradise

    Philip R Benge

    Four friends, citizens of the planet Paradise, returning from a holiday on a water planet are accidentally bathed in a strange radiation that gives them super powers, unfortunately...

  • Oceanus synopsis, comments

    Oceanus

    Philip R Benge

    Alun Reece is now the captain of his own small freighter, but it is not freight that Admiral Michaelson wants him to carry, no, it is an industrialist whose son has been kidnapped ...

  • Three Journeys of the Scary Kind synopsis, comments

    Three Journeys of the Scary Kind

    Philip R Benge

    In the story Pirates Treasure, two young boys find a treasure map, and they decide to search for the hidden treasure. The map shows that it is under an old ruined church, unfortuna...

  • Kidnapped and Bound for Hell synopsis, comments

    Kidnapped and Bound for Hell

    Philip R Benge

    A satanic coven have plans to for a young girl, they plan to give her to their Satanic master Lucifer. Just weeks before the ceremony Christina Ryman, the young girl's sister, answ...

  • Galaxy Spies synopsis, comments

    Galaxy Spies

    Philip R Benge

    The year is 2474, Jean Summers has to travel the depths of space to battle gangsters and Fascists in her bid to find her missing brother. Along the way she meets Ray Connors who jo...

  • Return to Mazere synopsis, comments

    Return to Mazere

    Philip R Benge

    The lives of David Charlton and his wife Sarah are once put at risk when they are forced to return to Mazere to save the lives of two of their friends. Once there they find that th...

  • Rebellion Is in the Air synopsis, comments

    Rebellion Is in the Air

    Philip R Benge

    SungLi, emperor of the planet Zeta and its colonies, believes that a group of people are plotting rebellion. To destroy all such traitors, he comes up with an elaborate plan to win...

  • Dreamscape synopsis, comments

    Dreamscape

    Philip R Benge

    Moira Bourbon, the most powerful Satanist ever, had been killed, but instead of suffering the torments of hell, she was taken to the Dreamscape, a hell dimension ruled over by the ...

  • Trial by Ordeal synopsis, comments

    Trial by Ordeal

    Philip R Benge

    At an Archaeological dig on the planet Helionia, Trajo Fortuna, an archaeologist reveals to the population that she has found proof that there had been a civilization similar to th...

  • The Satanists synopsis, comments

    The Satanists

    Philip R Benge

    Rob Hinds is a secret agent who is quite used to combating alien spies, unfortunately, he is increasingly being asked to combat demons, and the Satanists who conjure them up. His o...

  • The Venetou synopsis, comments

    The Venetou

    Philip R Benge

    If nothing ever scares you, then be warned, be scared of the Venetou. Unfortunately the people of New Caledonia, one of the colonies of Earth, encountered them when one of their su...