Pi Popular Books
Pi Biography & Facts
The number π (; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics. It is an irrational number, meaning that it cannot be expressed exactly as a ratio of two integers, although fractions such as 227{\displaystyle {\tfrac {22}{7}}} are commonly used to approximate it. Consequently, its decimal representation never ends, nor enters a permanently repeating pattern. It is a transcendental number, meaning that it cannot be a solution of an equation involving only finite sums, products, powers, and integers. The transcendence of π implies that it is impossible to solve the ancient challenge of squaring the circle with a compass and straightedge. The decimal digits of π appear to be randomly distributed, but no proof of this conjecture has been found. For thousands of years, mathematicians have attempted to extend their understanding of π, sometimes by computing its value to a high degree of accuracy. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Babylonians, required fairly accurate approximations of π for practical computations. Around 250 BC, the Greek mathematician Archimedes created an algorithm to approximate π with arbitrary accuracy. In the 5th century AD, Chinese mathematicians approximated π to seven digits, while Indian mathematicians made a five-digit approximation, both using geometrical techniques. The first computational formula for π, based on infinite series, was discovered a millennium later. The earliest known use of the Greek letter π to represent the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter was by the Welsh mathematician William Jones in 1706.The invention of calculus soon led to the calculation of hundreds of digits of π, enough for all practical scientific computations. Nevertheless, in the 20th and 21st centuries, mathematicians and computer scientists have pursued new approaches that, when combined with increasing computational power, extended the decimal representation of π to many trillions of digits. These computations are motivated by the development of efficient algorithms to calculate numeric series, as well as the human quest to break records. The extensive computations involved have also been used to test supercomputers as well as stress testing consumer computer hardware. Because its definition relates to the circle, π is found in many formulae in trigonometry and geometry, especially those concerning circles, ellipses and spheres. It is also found in formulae from other topics in science, such as cosmology, fractals, thermodynamics, mechanics, and electromagnetism. It also appears in areas having little to do with geometry, such as number theory and statistics, and in modern mathematical analysis can be defined without any reference to geometry. The ubiquity of π makes it one of the most widely known mathematical constants inside and outside of science. Several books devoted to π have been published, and record-setting calculations of the digits of π often result in news headlines. Fundamentals Name The symbol used by mathematicians to represent the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter is the lowercase Greek letter π, sometimes spelled out as pi. In English, π is pronounced as "pie" ( PY). In mathematical use, the lowercase letter π is distinguished from its capitalized and enlarged counterpart Π, which denotes a product of a sequence, analogous to how Σ denotes summation. The choice of the symbol π is discussed in the section Adoption of the symbol π. Definition π is commonly defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d: The ratio Cd{\textstyle {\frac {C}{d}}} is constant, regardless of the circle's size. For example, if a circle has twice the diameter of another circle, it will also have twice the circumference, preserving the ratio Cd{\textstyle {\frac {C}{d}}}. This definition of π implicitly makes use of flat (Euclidean) geometry; although the notion of a circle can be extended to any curve (non-Euclidean) geometry, these new circles will no longer satisfy the formula π=Cd{\textstyle \pi ={\frac {C}{d}}}.Here, the circumference of a circle is the arc length around the perimeter of the circle, a quantity which can be formally defined independently of geometry using limits—a concept in calculus. For example, one may directly compute the arc length of the top half of the unit circle, given in Cartesian coordinates by the equation x2+y2=1{\textstyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1}, as the integral: An integral such as this was adopted as the definition of π by Karl Weierstrass, who defined it directly as an integral in 1841.Integration is no longer commonly used in a first analytical definition because, as Remmert 2012 explains, differential calculus typically precedes integral calculus in the university curriculum, so it is desirable to have a definition of π that does not rely on the latter. One such definition, due to Richard Baltzer and popularized by Edmund Landau, is the following: π is twice the smallest positive number at which the cosine function equals 0. π is also the smallest positive number at which the sine function equals zero, and the difference between consecutive zeroes of the sine function. The cosine and sine can be defined independently of geometry as a power series, or as the solution of a differential equation.In a similar spirit, π can be defined using properties of the complex exponential, exp z, of a complex variable z. Like the cosine, the complex exponential can be defined in one of several ways. The set of complex numbers at which exp z is equal to one is then an (imaginary) arithmetic progression of the form: and there is a unique positive real number π with this property.A variation on the same idea, making use of sophisticated mathematical concepts of topology and algebra, is the following theorem: there is a unique (up to automorphism) continuous isomorphism from the group R/Z of real numbers under addition modulo integers (the circle group), onto the multiplicative group of complex numbers of absolute value one. The number π is then defined as half the magnitude of the derivative of this homomorphism. Irrationality and normality π is an irrational number, meaning that it cannot be written as the ratio of two integers. Fractions such as 22/7 and 355/113 are commonly used to approximate π, but no common fraction (ratio of whole numbers) can be its exact value. Because π is irrational, it has an infinite number of digits in its decimal representation, and does not settle into an infinitely repeating pattern of digits. There are several proofs that π is irrational; they generally require calculus and rely on the reductio ad absurdum technique. The degree to which π can be approximated by rational numbers (called the irrationality measure) is not precisely known; estimates have established that the irrationa.... Discover the Pi popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Pi books.
Best Seller Pi Books of 2024
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The Amersham Rubies
Rhys BowenA delightful short story from Rhys Bowen featuring turnofthecentury private investigator Molly MurphyBefore Molly Murphy crossed the Atlantic or even had an inkling that she might ...
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Truth Stained Lies
Terri BlackstockNew York Times and USA TODAY bestselling suspense author Blackstock asks, When truth doesn’t make sense, will lies prevail?“Crisp prose, an engaging story, and brisk pacing make th...
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Moonlight Mile
Dennis Lehane“[Lehane has] emerged from the whodunit ghetto as a broader and more substantial talent....When it comes to keeping readers exactly where he wants them, Mr. Lehane offers a bravura...
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Prayers for Rain
Dennis LehaneWhen a former client jumps naked from a Boston landmark, Private Investigator Patrick Kenzie wants to know why. Once a perky young woman in love with life, her suicide is the final...
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A Drink Before the War
Dennis LehaneThe mesmerizing, darkly original novel that heralded the arrival of now New York Times bestselling author Dennis Lehane, the master of the new noirand introduced Patrick Kenzie and...
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2 Sisters Detective Agency
James Patterson & Candice FoxFrom the world's #1 bestselling author comes a thrilling novel where a detective duo of sisters finds themselves in the crosshairs of a dangerous and lawless group. Attorney Rhonda...
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Girl, Forgotten
Karin SlaughterNEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER!“It’s Slaughter’s prodigious gifts of characterization that make her stand out among thriller writers.” Washington PostFrom the ...
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The Silent Girls
Eric RickstadNew York Times and USA Today BestsellerWith the dead of a bitter Vermont winter closing in, evil is alive and well . . .Frank Rath thought he was done with murder when he turned in...
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Sixkill
Robert B. ParkerAnother extraordinary Spenser novel from the beloved New York Timesbestselling author.On location in Boston, badboy actor Jumbo Nelson is accused of the rape and murder of a young ...
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The Passenger
Lisa Lutz“A deadserious thriller (with a funny bone)” (The New York Times Book Review), from the author of the New York Times bestselling Spellman Files series, comes the story of a woman w...
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S is for Silence
Sue GraftonThe latest repackage in Sue Grafton's #1 New York Times bestselling series. Cases don't get much colder than that of Violet Sullivan, who disappeared from her rural California to...
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Look Behind You
Iris Johansen & Roy Johansen#1 New York Times bestselling author Iris Johansen and Edgar Awardwinning author Roy Johansen are back with Look Behind You, a novel featuring Kendra Michaelshired gun for both the...
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Murder at the Mena House
Erica Ruth NeubauerWellheeled travelers from around the world flock to the Mena House Hotelan exotic gem in the heart of Cairo where cocktails flow, adventure dispels the aftershocks of World War I, ...
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Gone, Baby, Gone
Dennis Lehane“Powerful and raw, harrowing, and unsentimental.” Washington Post Book World “Chilling, completely credible….[An] absolutely gripping story.”Chicago Tribune “Mr. Lehane delivers bi...
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New York Dead
Stuart WoodsThe first novel in the thrilling Stone Barrington Series by #1 New York Times Bestselling author Stuart WoodsEveryone is always telling Stone Barrington that he's too smart to be a...
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Humble Pi
Matt Parker#1 INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER AN ADAM SAVAGE BOOK CLUB PICKThe booklength answer to anyone who ever put their hand up in math class and asked, “When am I ever going to use th...
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A Cold Day in Paradise
Steve HamiltonWhen first published, A Cold Day in Paradise won both the Edgar and Shamus awards for Best First Novel, launching Steve Hamilton into the top ranks of today's crime writers. Now, s...
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Death of the Black Widow
James Patterson & J. D. BarkerShe destroys the men she lovesand escapes every time. The most dangerous killer James Patterson has ever created is also his most seductive. On his first night with Detroit PD...
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Raspberry Pi
Vítor FilipeO objetivo geral deste trabalho será apresentar, a nova tecnologia conhecida pelo nome de Raspberry Pi , tentando levar ao pormenor as suas características, os seus acessórios, as ...
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When All the Girls Have Gone
Jayne Ann KrentzA thrilling novel of the deceptions we hide behind, the passions we surrender to, and the lengths we’ll go to for the truth from the New York Times bestselling author of Untouchabl...
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P Is for Peril
Sue GraftonKinsey Millhone ventures into the darker side of the human soul in this gripping novel from #1 New York Times bestselling author Sue Grafton.Kinsey Millhone never sees it coming. S...
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Down the River unto the Sea
Walter MosleyWinner of the Edgar Award for Best Novel of the Year: bestselling author Walter Mosley "is back with a whole new character to love...As gorgeous a novel as anything he's ever writt...
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Midnight Come Again
Dana StabenowDana Stabenow's Midnight Come Again is a magnificent crime novel about life in America's last wilderness, the heartwrenching grief that goes with love, and murder. Kate, a former i...
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Fourth Grave Beneath My Feet
Darynda JonesWelcome to the world of grim reaper extraordinaire, Charley Davidson. Try as she might, there's no avoiding her destiny.Sometimes being the grim reaper really is, well, grim. And s...
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Loose Ends
D. D. VandykeBOOK ONE of the California Corwin P.I. Mystery SeriesContains the bonus story Off The Leash a California Corwin Short Story"This is a real page turner and hard to put down. The ch...
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Pieces of Her
Karin SlaughterNow on Netflix! Starring Toni Collette and Bella Heathcote!Mother. Hero. Liar. Killer. How can you tell when all you have is...PIECES OF HERWhat if the person you thought you knew ...
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The Last Widow
Karin SlaughterWATCH WILL TRENT ON ABC!Karin Slaughter, the New York Times bestselling author of Pieces of Her, brings back Will Trent and Sara Linton in this superb and timely thriller full of d...
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Desert Star
Michael ConnellyLAPD detective Renée Ballard and Harry Bosch team up to hunt the brutal killer who is Bosch’s “white whale”a man responsible for the murder of an entire family. A year has passed s...
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Life of Pi
Yann MartelNOW ON BROADWAYThe international bestseller and modern classic of adventure, survival, and the power of storytelling is now an awardwinning play. After the sinking of a cargo ...
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A Lesson in Secrets
Jacqueline WinspearPrivate investigator Maisie Dobbs receives her first assignment from the British Secret Service in A Lesson in Secrets, the eighth book in Jacqueline Winspear’s awardwinning myster...
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Pardonable Lies
Jacqueline WinspearIn Pardonable Lies, the third novel of this bestselling series from Jacqueline Winspear, London investigator Maisie Dobbs faces grave danger as she returns to the site of her most ...
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Win
Harlan CobenIn this #1 New York Times bestselling thriller from Harlan Coben, a dead man's secrets fall into the hands of a vigilante antiherodrawing him down a dangerous road.Over t...
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The Kill Clause
Gregg HurwitzThe series that started it all!A riveting and explosive novel, The Kill Clause is a brilliantly inventive tour de force by a powerful new master of suspense.Tim Rackley is a danger...
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Back to Lazarus
Judy K. WalkerShe’s investigating a suspicious prison suicide. Someone’s determined to hide the truth… North Florida, 2004. Private Investigator Sydney Brennan cut ties with her nearest and dea...
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The Dark Hours
Michael ConnellyA Wall Street Journal and South Florida SunSentinel Best Book of the Year“A masterpiece”LAPD detective Renée Ballard must join forces with Harry Bosch to find justic...
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She Wore Mourning
P.D. WorkmanFrom USA Today Bestselling Author, P.D. Workman! A dead child. A mother deep in mourning. Private Investigator Zachary Goldman’s life isn’t all roses, but he tries to put his own s...
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The Sins of the Fathers
Lawrence BlockThe pretty young prostitute is dead. Her alleged murderera minister's sonhanged himself in his jail cell. The case is closed. But the dead girl's fatherhas come to Matthew Scudder ...
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The Silent Wife
Karin SlaughterWATCH WILL TRENT ON ABC! “If you’re into mystery thrillers, then you’re into Karin Slaughter.” THESKIMMHe watches. He waits. He takes. Who will be next . . .THE SILENT WIFEInvestig...
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High Voltage
Karen Marie MoningNEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER Immortal Faerie and ancient feuds, secrets and sacrificesa thrilling new chapter in the bestselling Fever series begins, featuring Dani, Ryodan, and othe...
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Raspberry Pi Insider Guide
Bruce SmithRaspberry Pi Insider Guide: Everything you need for the Model B/B+ and moreTaking You from beginner to Expert!The most uptodate Raspberry Pi guide available.Everything you need to ...
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Sacred
Dennis LehaneA beautiful, griefstricken woman has vanished without a trace. So has the detective hired to find her. And a lot of money…Enter toughnosed private investigators Patrick Kenzie and ...
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The Crossing
Michael ConnellyIn this "tense" thriller and #1 New York Times bestseller, Detective Harry Bosch teams up with Lincoln Lawyer Mickey Haller to track down a killer who just might find them first (W...
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Tourist Season
Carl HiaasenTake a trip to exotic South Florida with this dark, funny book that established Carl Hiaasen as one of the top mystery writers in the game.The first sign of trouble is a Shriner's ...
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Sunburn
Laura Lippman"Every time Laura Lippman comes out with a new book, I get chills because I know I am back in the hands of the master. She is simply a brilliant novelist, an unflinching chronicler...
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The Good Daughter
Karin Slaughter“The Good Daughter is like Law and Order meets The Good Wife.” theSkimmThe stunning new novel from the New York Times bestselling author of Pieces of Her...