S L Sterling Popular Books
S L Sterling Biography & Facts
Sterling (ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound (sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and the word pound is also used to refer to the British currency generally, often qualified in international contexts as the British pound or the pound sterling. Sterling is the world's oldest currency that is still in use and that has been in continuous use since its inception. In 2022, it was the fourth most-traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen. Together with those three currencies and Renminbi, it forms the basket of currencies which calculate the value of IMF special drawing rights. As of late 2022, sterling is also the fourth most-held reserve currency in global reserves. The Bank of England is the central bank for sterling, issuing its own banknotes, and regulating issuance of banknotes by private banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Sterling banknotes issued by other jurisdictions are not regulated by the Bank of England; their governments guarantee convertibility at par. Historically, sterling was also used to varying degrees by the colonies and territories of the British Empire. Names Sterling is the name of the currency as a whole while pound and penny are the units of account. This is analogous to the distinction between renminbi and yuan when discussing the official currency of the People's Republic of China. Etymology There are various theories regarding the origin of the word "sterling". The Oxford English Dictionary states that the "most plausible" etymology is a derivation from the Old English steorra for "star" with the added diminutive suffix -ling, to yield "little star". The reference is to the silver penny used in Norman England in the twelfth century, which bore a small star. Another argument, according to which the Hanseatic League was the origin of both its definition and manufacture as well as its name, is that the German name for the Baltic is Ostsee ('East Sea') and from this the Baltic merchants were called Osterlings ('Easterlings'). In 1260, Henry III granted them a charter of protection and land for their Kontor, the Steelyard of London, which by the 1340s was also called Esterlingeshalle ('Easterlings Hall'). Because the League's money was not frequently debased like that of England, English traders stipulated to be paid in pounds of the "Easterlings", which was contracted to "'sterling". The OED dismisses this theory as unlikely, since the stressed first syllable would not have been elided. Encyclopædia Britannica states the (pre-Norman) Anglo-Saxon kingdoms had silver coins called sterlings and that the compound noun pound sterling was derived from a pound (weight) of these sterlings. The English word pound derives from the Latin expression lībra pondō, in which lībra is a noun meaning 'pound' and pondō is an adverb meaning 'by weight'. Symbol The currency sign for the pound unit of sterling is £, which (depending on typeface) may be drawn with one or two bars: the Bank of England has exclusively used the single bar variant since 1975. Historically, a simple capital L (in the historic black-letter typeface, L {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {L}}} ) placed before the numerals, or an italic l. after them, was used in newspapers, books and letters. The Royal Mint was still using this style of notation as late as 1939. The glyphs Ł and Ⱡ may occasionally be encountered. Use of the letter ⟨L⟩ for pound derives from medieval Latin documents: "L" was the abbreviation for libra, the Roman pound (weight), which in time became an English unit of weight defined as the tower pound. A "pound sterling" was literally a tower pound (weight) of sterling silver. In the British pre-decimal (duodecimal) currency system, the term £sd (or Lsd) for pounds, shillings and pence referred to the Roman libra, solidus, and denarius. Notable style guides recommend that the pound sign be used without any abbreviation or qualification to indicate sterling (e.g., £12,000). The ISO 4217 code "GBP" (e.g., GBP 12,000 or 12,000 GBP) may also be seen should disambiguation become necessary. Currency code The ISO 4217 currency code for sterling is "GBP", formed from the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for the United Kingdom ("GB") and the first letter of "pound". In historical sources and some specialist banking uses, the abbreviation stg (in various styles) has been used to indicate sterling. Many stocks on the London Stock Exchange are quoted in penny sterling, using the unofficial code "GBX". Cable The exchange rate of sterling against the US dollar is referred to as "cable" in the wholesale foreign exchange markets. The origins of this term are attributed to the fact that from the mid-19th century, the sterling/dollar exchange rate was transmitted via transatlantic cable. Slang terms Historically almost every British coin had a widely recognised nickname, such as "tanner" for the sixpence and "bob" for the shilling. Since decimalisation these have mostly fallen out of use except as parts of proverbs. A common slang term for the pound unit is "quid" (singular and plural, except in the common phrase "quids in"). The term may have come via Italian immigrants from scudo, the name for a number of currency units used in Italy until the 19th century; or from Latin quid via the common phrase quid pro quo, literally, "what for what", or, figuratively, "An equal exchange or substitution". The term "nicker" (also both singular and plural) may also refer to the pound. Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories The currency of all the Crown Dependencies (Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man) and most British Overseas Territories (British Antarctic Territory;, Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Gibraltar; Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha) is either sterling or is pegged to sterling at par. Some British Overseas Territories have a local currency that is pegged to the U.S. dollar or the New Zealand dollar. The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (in Cyprus) use the euro. Subdivisions and other units Decimal coinage Since decimalisation on Decimal Day in 1971, the pound has been divided into 100 pence (denoted on coinage, until 1981, as "new pence"). The symbol for the penny is "p"; hence an amount such as 50p (£0.50) properly pronounced "fifty pence" is often pronounced "fifty pee" /fɪfti piː/. The old sign d was not reused for the new penny in order to avoid confusion between the two units. A decimal halfpenny (1/2p, worth 1.2 old pennies) was issued until 1984 but was withdrawn due to inflation. Pre-decimal Before decimalisation in 1971, the pound was divided into 20 shillings, and each shilling into 12 pence, making 240 pence to the pound. The symbol for the shilling was "s." – not from the f.... Discover the S L Sterling popular books. Find the top 100 most popular S L Sterling books.
Best Seller S L Sterling Books of 2024
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The Holiday Dilemma
S.L. SterlingThis year, my favorite magazine, Festive Treasures, is hosting their Countdown to Christmas bakeoff event right here in Willow Valley. The last two years I'd entered, I'd come in s...
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It Was Always You
S.L. SterlingA fresh start. A new beginning.After breaking free from an abusive relationship, Tatum hopes to rebuild her sense of security by moving closer to her brother. But the past is eager...
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The Greatest Gift
S.L. SterlingDerrick destroyed Tess's heart only weeks before their Christmasthemed wedding. He'd been cheating on her with his secretary, I knew I should have said something, but didn't becaus...
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On A Silent Night
S.L. SterlingLast Christmas, I gave you my heart...Brody:Five years ago, I lost my best friend. The last words he ever spoke to me were a plea to look out for his wife. I never meant to fall in...
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Modern Classics of Fantasy
Gardner DozoisWhile humanity has been telling fantastic stories for millennia, fantasy fiction has only come into its own as a genre in the latter half of the twentieth century, as the works of ...
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Summer Nights and Fireflies
S.L. SterlingBlind dates aren't my thing. Never were. However, when Liam and Maya tell me they have the perfect woman for me, I'm intrigued.Who do they think is perfect? Maya's best friend Bexl...
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The Christmas Card
S.L. SterlingI always wondered where I went wrong in my life when it came to love.I was serious with my high school sweetheart, Noah, or so I thought. I went to college, and he enlisted in the ...
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The Boy Under the Gazebo
S.L. SterlingI loved Kendall. We'd always been friends, but the crush on her came and went. That was why I'd never acted on it. I knew that if I made my move too soon, I'd lose her. Kendall was...
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His to Hold
S.L. SterlingI was in the middle of the biggest merger of my career when my love life took a nosedive. My now exgirlfriend wouldn't leave my apartment, so I moved into my office, only to be cau...
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Pop Tarts and Mistletoe
S.L. SterlingBeing stuck at the airport wasn't part of my holiday plans.I was on my way to stay with my best friend and his family for the holidays when a freak snowstorm hit. Now I'm stuck, al...
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The Malone Brothers Boxed Set
S.L. SterlingThe Malone Brothers Complete Series (Books 14)Meet the four hottest brothers in all of Kings Cove Harbour.These lawyers never thought they would settle down until they encounter th...
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Scars on my Heart
S.L. SterlingWillow Valley had become like home to me and my two boys, Dylan and Noah. Everyone knew everyone in this small town, and they helped us heal from our devastating loss.Once I knew m...
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Our Little Surprise
S.L. SterlingSpencer Brooks was the most attractive man I'd ever laid eyes on. Not only was he my boss and father's best friend but he was also the man I had been sneaking around with for the e...
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Saviour Boy
S.L. SterlingReturning home after my military career came to an end, my best friend Chris needed my help. His little sister, Becca, was in trouble, and I was the only one he could trust.But may...
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Ten Minute Misconduct
S.L. SterlingBlurb Coming Soon~enemies to lovers~vacation romance~Forced Proximity~second chance at love~best friends' sister~older brother's best friend~Hockey romance
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Letters from the Heart
S.L. SterlingPeggyAfter the death of my husband, I drowned myself in flowers, a bittersweet memory of the good times we'd shared. I'd had the good fortune to fall in love with a man who wasn't ...
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Inside the Penalty Box
S.L. SterlingI kept my nose clean. Bad publicity was the last thing you wanted, and I'd had my share since my last breakup went public. We'd also just lost our last five games. The boys an...
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Crash Dive
Larry BondEdited by bestselling author Larry Bond, Crash Dive collects the best nonfiction writing on submarines, the nearsilent killers of the deep and their crews. They are the ultimate u...
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Into the Sunset
S.L. SterlingI know why I lost her. I was too serious, I was too practical. I was too busy thinking I knew what she wanted without asking her. Over time, this wore on her. All she wanted w...
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Finding Forever with You
S.L. SterlingMy best friend Sophie was gorgeous, at times uptight and desperate.Her biological clock was ticking and after yet another failed relationship she pulled me aside."Listen Chase, you...
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Holiday Wishes
S.L. SterlingAt seventeen, I thought we'd be together forever. By eighteen, I never wanted to see him again.I had done well, I hadn't seen him for five years, until I walked into the lobby of M...
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In Your Arms
S.L. SterlingYou don't realize how the small day to day struggles of family life combined with running a successful business can affect your marriage, until it's too late. They leave you too ex...
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Champagne and Fireworks
S.L. SterlingWho allows a rumour to end a relationship?You're looking at him and I admit it I messed up big time.I broke her heart. I never realized how much I'd hurt her until our paths crosse...
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My Darling Christmas
S.L. SterlingDarling Ranch. It was a family name in this town, a family business and a family way of life.Over the past year, the place hadn't felt like family, or home, and I was barely stayin...
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Our Little Wedding
S.L. SterlingAinsley Matthews was my everything. Not only was she twenty years younger than me, she was the woman I fell in love with and was soon going to be the mother of my child. The s...
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Memories of the Past
S.L. SterlingThomas was the love of my life, or he was supposed to be. Instead, he became the guy who broke my heart, crushed my spirit, the last guy I ever dated, and the reason I never wanted...
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A Kiss Beneath the Stars
S.L. SterlingI'd never needed a week away with my brothers so bad until I'd broken up with my girlfriend. Sun, sand, surf and a few drinks to pass the nights away. The female persuasion was the...
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Office Misconduct
S.L. SterlingUSA Today Bestselling Author S.L. Sterling heats up the pages with this second chance office romance guaranteed to leave you blushing.I swear you could hear my cry from the top flo...
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Letting You Go
S.L. SterlingBailey Scott had been my world from the time I was fifteen. I had always thought we could make it through whatever life threw at us. But I was wrong.Five years ago, everything chan...
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Our Little Secret
S.L. SterlingSpencer Brooks was the most attractive man I'd ever laid eyes on. He was not only our neighbour and father to the little girl I babysat, but he was also my fathers best friend...
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Back to You this Christmas
S.L. SterlingBahhumbug!This Christmas, all I wanted was to wallow in selfpity until the woman I thought was the love of my life could explain why she left me at the altar. Instead, my buddy, Za...
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Dagger
S.L. SterlingDerrickI'd been fighting all my life.Making it my career choice seemed...logical.Sticking to what I was good at seemed...illogical as often as I ended up in the ER.Then my occupati...