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The Apocrypha Biography & Facts
Apocrypha are biblical or related writings not forming part of the accepted canon of Scripture. While some might be of doubtful authorship or authenticity, in Christianity, the word apocryphal (ἀπόκρυφος) was first applied to writings which were to be read privately rather than in the public context of church services. Apocrypha were edifying Christian works that were not considered canonical scripture. It was not until well after the Protestant Reformation that the word apocrypha was used by some ecclesiastics to mean "false," "spurious," "bad," or "heretical." From a Protestant point of view, biblical apocrypha are a set of texts included in the Septuagint (the Hebrew Bible in Greek), used for over two-hundred years by Jews and by early Christians. After the fall of Jerusalem, the Jews restored the Hebrew language to their Bible. The books which were included in the Septuagint but not in the original Hebrew Bible were set apart and remained in Greek. Later, when Jerome translated the Canon of Scripture and produced the Latin Vulgate, he labelled those books as Apocrypha. Catholic and Orthodox Churches consider them to be canonical, some Protestants consider them apocryphal, that is, non-canonical books that are useful for instruction. Luther's Bible placed them in a separate section in between the Old Testament and New Testament called the Apocrypha, a convention followed by subsequent Protestant Bibles. Some non-canonical apocryphal texts are called pseudepigrapha, a term that means "false attribution". The modern English adjective "apocryphal" is often used to indicate that a writing on any topic is of doubtful authenticity; spurious, fictitious, false; fabulous or mythical. Etymology The word's origin is the Medieval Latin adjective apocryphus (secret, or non-canonical) from the Greek adjective ἀπόκρυφος, apokryphos, (private) from the verb ἀποκρύπτειν, apokryptein (to hide away). It comes from Greek and is formed from the combination of apo (away) and kryptein (hide or conceal). The word apocrypha has undergone a major change in meaning throughout the centuries. The word apocrypha in its ancient Christian usage originally meant a text read in private, rather than in public church settings. In English, it later came to have a sense of the esoteric, suspicious, or heretical, largely because of the Protestant interpretation of the usefulness of non-canonical texts. Esoteric writings and objects The word apocryphal (ἀπόκρυφος) was first applied to writings which were kept secret because they were the vehicles of esoteric knowledge considered too profound or too sacred to be disclosed to anyone other than the initiated. For example, the disciples of the Gnostic Prodicus boasted that they possessed the secret (ἀπόκρυφα) books of Zoroaster. The term in general enjoyed high consideration among the Gnostics (see Acts of Thomas, pp. 10, 27, 44). Sinologist Anna Seidel refers to texts and even items produced by ancient Chinese sages as apocryphal and studied their uses during Six Dynasties China (A.D. 220 to 589). These artifacts were used as symbols legitimizing and guaranteeing the Emperor's Heavenly Mandate. Examples of these include talismans, charts, writs, tallies, and registers. The first examples were stones, jade pieces, bronze vessels and weapons, but came to include talismans and magic diagrams. From their roots in Zhou era China (1066 to 256 BC), these items came to be surpassed in value by texts by the Han dynasty (206 BC to AD 220). Most of these texts have been destroyed as Emperors, particularly during the Han dynasty, collected these legitimizing objects and proscribed, forbade and burnt nearly all of them to prevent them from falling into the hands of political rivals. Writings of questionable value Apocrypha was also applied to writings that were hidden not because of their divinity but because of their questionable value to the church. The early Christian theologian Origen, in his Commentaries on Matthew, distinguishes between writings which were read by the churches and apocryphal writings: γραφὴ μὴ φερομένη μέν ἒν τοῖς κοινοῖς καὶ δεδημοσιευμένοις βιβλίοις εἰκὸς δ' ὅτι ἒν ἀποκρύφοις φερομένη (writing not found in the common and published books on one hand [and] actually found in the secret ones on the other). The meaning of αποκρυφος is here practically equivalent to "excluded from the public use of the church" and prepares the way for an even less favourable use of the word. Spurious writings In general use, the word apocrypha came to mean "of doubtful authenticity". This meaning also appears in Origen's prologue to his commentary on the Song of Songs, of which only the Latin translation survives: De scripturis his, quae appellantur apocriphae, pro eo quod multa in iis corrupta et contra fidem veram inveniuntur a maioribus tradita non placuit iis dari locum nec admitti ad auctoritatem. "Concerning these scriptures, which are called apocryphal, for the reason that many things are found in them corrupt and against the true faith handed down by the elders, it has pleased them that they not be given a place nor be admitted to authority." Other The Gelasian Decree (generally held now as being the work of an anonymous scholar between 519 and 553) refers to religious works by church fathers Eusebius, Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria as apocrypha. Augustine defined the word as meaning simply "obscurity of origin", implying that any book of unknown authorship or questionable authenticity would be considered apocryphal. Jerome in Prologus Galeatus declared that all books outside the Hebrew canon were apocryphal. In practice, Jerome treated some books outside the Hebrew canon as if they were canonical, and the Western Church did not accept Jerome's definition of apocrypha, instead retaining the word's prior meaning. As a result, various church authorities labeled different books as apocrypha, treating them with varying levels of regard. Origen stated that "the canonical books, as the Hebrews have handed them down, are twenty-two". Clement and others cited some apocryphal books as "scripture", "divine scripture", "inspired", and the like. Teachers connected with Palestine and familiar with the Hebrew canon (the protocanon) excluded from the canon all of the Old Testament not found there. This view is reflected in the canon of Melito of Sardis, and in the prefaces and letters of Jerome. A third view was that the books were not as valuable as the canonical scriptures of the Hebrew collection, but were of value for moral uses, as introductory texts for new converts from paganism, and to be read in congregations. They were referred to as "ecclesiastical" works by Rufinus. In 1546, the Catholic Council of Trent reconfirmed the canon of Augustine, dating to the second and third centuries, declaring "He is also to be anathema who does not receive these entire books, with all their parts, as they have been accustomed to be read in the Catholic Church, and .... Discover the The Apocrypha popular books. Find the top 100 most popular The Apocrypha books.
Best Seller The Apocrypha Books of 2024
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NRSVue, Holy Bible with Apocrypha
ZondervanA Beautiful Bible for a Beautiful Faith.This edition of the NRSVue Holy Bible with Apocrypha invites you to explore the depth and beauty of Scripture. Continuing the lega...
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The Sacred Writings of the Apocrypha the New Testament
Jazzybee Verlag"The Sacred Writings Of ..." provides you with the essential works among the Christian writings. The volumes cover the beginning of Christianity until medieval times. Con...
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Apocrypha of the New Testament
Charles River EditorsIncludes famous artwork depicting Jesus, Saints, and more. Discusses the most well known Lost Books of The Bible, including what is discussed in them and their relation to ca...
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The Apocrypha
Martin Goodman, John Barton & John MuddimanNewly issued in a series of part volumes, the OBC is now available in an affordable and portable format for the books comprising the Apocrypha. Includes a general introduction to u...
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HarperCollins Study Bible
Harold W. Attridge & Society of Biblical LiteratureThe landmark general reference Bible completely revised and updatedEndorsers say it all about the HarperCollins Study Bible: “I ... can speak with unbounded praise for this work. T...
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The Apocrypha
Anonymous"The Apocrypha" is the name given to a group of writings found in some versions of the Old Testament but not in others. These texts are usually included in Catholic bibles but not ...
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The Apocrypha
Various Authors"Apocrypha … books which are not regarded as equal to the holy Scriptures, and yet are profitable and good to read." – Martin Luther. The word apocryphal was first appl...
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The MacArthur Topical Bible
John F. MacArthur & Thomas NelsonFinally, a contemporary topical Bible that's as easy to use as a dictionary!Wouldn't you like to have all the Scriptures on an important Bible topic, such as marriage, end times, t...
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Revelation of the Magi
Brent Landau“Astonishing, delightful, and theologically sophisticated.” Marvin Meyer, Griset Professor of Religious Studies, Chapman UniversityTheologian Brent Landau presents the ancient acco...
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The Gnostic Gospels
Elaine PagelsSelected by the Modern Library as one of the 100 best nonfiction books of all timeThe Gnostic Gospels is a landmark study of the longburied roots of Christianity, a work of lumin...
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The Apocrypha
Bryan Keon-CohenYoung boys and girls are sexually abused by Father O'Halloran at a parish church choir in Melbourne. A secret selfhelp society, The Apocrypha, is organised by victims Ashley a...
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The Apocrypha
Various"Apocrypha … books which are not regarded as equal to the holy Scriptures, and yet are profitable and good to read." – Martin Luther. The word apocryphal was first appl...
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The Apocrypha
David A. deSilvaFor many across the world, the books of the Apocrypha are Christian Scripture. Learn more about them as you learn more about how Jesus thought and lived. ...
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The New American Bible
Catholic Bible PressInspiration and Guidance for LifeScripture is deeply rooted in the Church’s worship and is for expanded use in your own personal study. Allow God’s inspired Word to provide guidanc...
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The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible
Martin G. Abegg, Jr., Peter Flint & Eugene UlrichFrom the dramatic find in the caves of Qumran, the world's most ancient version of the Bible allows us to read the scriptures as they were in the time of Jesus.
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NRSV, Catholic Edition Bible
Catholic Bible PressAccurate. Beautiful. Trusted.Renowned for its beautiful balance of scholarship and readability, the NRSV faithfully serves the Church in personal spiritual formation and in the aca...
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Apocrypha
Unknown AuthorsThis is the ebook version of the Entirely Jesus Press print book. These eleven books of the New Testament Apocrypha, translated into 21st Century American English from the 1926 Rut...
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The Nag Hammadi Scriptures
Marvin W. Meyer & James M. RobinsonThe Nag Hammadi Scriptures, edited by Marvin Meyer, is the most complete, uptodate, onevolume, Englishlanguage edition of the renowned library of Gnostic manuscripts discovered in ...
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Apocrypha
ApocryphaApocrypha means “having been hidden away” in Greek. This collection of revered religious works, which have been excluded from the modern editions of the most Bibles are a valuable ...
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The Apocrypha
Unknown AuthorThe Apocrypha refer to texts which are left out of officially sanctioned versions ('canon') of the Bible. The term means 'things hidden away,' which implies secret or esoteric lite...
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KJV Apocrypha Ebook
Baker Publishing GroupDespite the different opinions on the degree of authority that should be given to the books of the Apocrypha, most Christians agree that these books are valuable. Because these boo...
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The Holy Bible
ViGOThe complete and everpopular King James Version of the Bible, which brings to life the teachings of Christianity. This madeforiBooks edition of the bestselling translation of the b...
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The Apocrypha of Luke
Ken KellyThe story of a boy who grow up through anothers experiences.
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Lost Books of the Bible and the Forgotten Books of Eden
Thomas NelsonIn Lost Books of the Bible and the Forgotten Books of Eden you can read for yourself many of the manuscripts which were excluded from canonized Scripture and discover new appreciat...
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The Apocrypha
AnonymousThe Apocrypha, Translated out of the Greek and Latin Tongues. Being the Version Set Forth A.D. 1611 Compared with the most Ancient Authorities and Revised. Contents Include I. Esd...
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The Apocrypha
Concordia PublishingFor more than 100 years, the Apocrypha has been left out of English versions of the Bible. Concordia Publishing House is proud to announce the 2012 release of the first and only ES...
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The New Oxford Annotated Apocrypha
Michael Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol Newsom & Pheme PerkinsFor decades students, professors, clergy, and general readers have relied on The New Oxford Annotated Apocrypha as an unparalleled authority on the Apocrypha. This fifth edition r...
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NRSV Bible with the Apocrypha
ZondervanAccurate. Beautiful. Trusted.Renowned for its beautiful balance of scholarship and readability, the NRSV faithfully serves the church in personal spiritual formation, in the liturg...
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The Apocrypha
Bible authorsLongrevered religious works that were excluded from the King James version of the Bible, including: The First Book of Esdras, The Second Book of Esdras Esdras [sometimes Fourth Bo...
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The Gospel of Thomas
Marvin W. MeyerA fresh, authoritative English translation, with an informative introduction, fascinating explanatory notes, and the Coptic text, with interpretation by Harold Bloom, our pre–emine...
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The Apocrypha
Unknown & Philip DossickThe Apocrypha ('hidden things') is a selection of books originally printed in the 1611 King James Bible, and published here in a superlative new digital collection. They were...
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The Holy Bible with the Apocrypha
BibleThe Holy Bible with the Apocrypha consists of the entire Old Testament, New Testament, and the Apocrypha. This King James Version of the Holy Bible is a beautiful translation that ...
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Apocrypha Arabica
Margaret Dunlop GibsonMargaret Dunlop Gibson (1843–1920) was an accomplished translator who along with her twin, Agnes Smith Lewis, became known as one of the Westminster Sisters. The twins were Semitic...
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Apocrypha
AnonymousThe Apocrypha are books of the Old Testament included in Roman Catholic and Orthodox Bibles as deuterocanonical (added to the earlier canon), but excluded from the Hebrew Bible and...
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Apocrypha Holy Bible, Books of the Apocrypha
King JamesApocrypha Holy Bible, Books of the Apocrypha: King James Version, Easy Verse reference Edition. This book contains the books of the Apocrypha, King James Version: 1 and 2 Esdras, T...
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The Jewish Annotated Apocrypha
Jonathan Klawans & Lawrence M. WillsBuilding on the success of the Jewish Annotated New Testament (JANT) and the Jewish Study Bible (JSB), Oxford University Press now proceeds to complete the trilogy with the Jewish ...
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Apocrypha
King James VersionThe KJV Apocrypha in a single volume. The Apocrypha ('hidden things') are contemporaneous with the Hebrew Bible, but were not officially accepted as part of the Bible. They...