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The Pyramids of Meroë are a large number of Nubian pyramids, encompassing three cemeteries near the ancient city of Meroë. The Meroë pyramids date to the later stage of the Kingdom of Kush (3rd century BCE–4th century CE) and were burial places for Kushite monarchs, other members of the royal family, and important officials and dignitaries. The three cemeteries collectively encompass over a thousand graves, out of which at least 147 were pyramids. The majority of the pyramids (at least 82) are from the southern cemetery and were not burials of royals. On 8 September 2020, the pyramids were threatened for the first time by floods. Pyramids and burials Securely identified pyramids are marked with bold text. Southern cemetery The southern cemetery was used for royal Kushite burials for the first two or three generations in the Meroitic period (270 BCE onwards). The southern cemetery includes c. 220 burials, at least 90 of which had superstructures. Of these 90, at least 24 were pyramids. The tombs in this cemetery have been heavily pillaged. Beg. S 4 – Queen (non-ruling) Kanarta Beg. S 5 – King Amanislo Beg. S 6 – King Arakamani Beg. S 10 – Queen (non-ruling) Bartare (a.k.a. Karatari) Beg. S 503 – Queen (non-ruling) Khennuwa Northern cemetery After briefly using the southern cemetery, the northern cemetery became the main site for royal burials. The northern cemetery contains 41 known pyramids, from 30 kings, eight queens regnant, and three other individuals (crown princes?). Beg. N 1 – Queen Amanitore Beg. N 2 – Unidentified king, perhaps King Amanikhabale Beg. N 3 Beg. N 4 – King Amantekha Beg. N 5 – Unidentified, perhaps Prince Arikhankharer Beg. N 6 – Queen Amanishakheto Beg. N 7 – King Arqamani Beg. N 8 – King (...)mr(...)t, perhaps identical with Adikhalamani Beg. N 9 – King Tabirqo, perhaps identical with Adikhalamani Beg. N 10 – Unidentified king, unused tomb Beg. N 11 – Unidentified queen regnant, perhaps Queen Nahirqo. The largest pyramid in the northern cemetery. Beg. N 12 – Unidentified king, perhaps King Tanyidamani Beg. N 13 – Unidentified king, likely King Naqyrinsan Beg. N 14 – Unidentified and destroyed, perhaps an unidentified king. Beg. N 15 – Unidentified and destroyed, perhaps an unidentified ruler. Beg. N 16 – Unidentified king; this pyramid was rebuilt at a later time. Perhaps King Amanikhareqerem (original) and King Aryesbokhe (rebuilt). Beg. N 17 – King Amanitenmemide Beg. N 18 – Queen Amanikhatashan Beg. N 19 – King Tarekeniwal Beg. N 20 – Unidentified king with the Horus name k3-nht, perhaps King Teriteqas Beg. N 21 – Unidentified ruler, perhaps Queen Shanakdakhete Beg. N 22 – King Natakamani Beg. N 24 – Unidentified, perhaps an unidentified king. Beg. N 25 – Unidentified queen regnant, perhaps Queen Amanipilade Beg. N 26 – Unidentified queen regnant, perhaps Queen Patrapeamani Beg. N 27 – Unidentified king, perhaps King Tamelerdeamani Beg. N 28 – King Teqorideamani Beg. N 29 – King Takedeamani Beg. N 30 – Unidentified, perhaps an unidentified king. Beg. N 32 – Unidentified queen regnant, perhaps Queen Amanikhalika Beg. N 34 – Unidentified king, perhaps King Aritenyesbokhe Beg. N 35 – Unidentified, perhaps an unidentified king Beg. N 36 – Unidentified king, perhaps King Amanitaraqide Beg. N 37 – Unidentified king, perhaps King (.)p(...)niñ Beg. N 38 – Unidentified king, perhaps King (...)k(...) Beg. N 40 – Unidentified, perhaps an unidentified king. Beg. N 41 – Unidentified, perhaps an unidentified king. Beg. N 43 – Unidentified king, perhaps King Amanikhedolo Beg. N 51 – Unidentified king, perhaps King Yesebokheamani Beg. N 53 – Unidentified king, perhaps King Arnekhamani Beg. N 56 – Unidentified, perhaps Prince ArikakahtaniTreasures and artifacts of the North Cemetery Numerous treasures were discovered in the pyramids since the 19th century. Western cemetery The western cemetery saw the longest continuous use, with burials dating back to the 9th century BCE. The western cemetery contains no burials of monarchs and was instead used by non-royal elites. There are over 800 graves in the western cemetery, out of which at least 82 were pyramids. Beg. W 19 – Prince TedeqenSee also List of monarchs of Kush El-Kurru pyramids Jebel Barkal pyramids Sedeinga pyramids Nuri pyramidsReferences Citations Bibliography Chapman, Suzanne E. (1952). The Royal Cemeteries of Kush: Volume III: Decorated Chapels of the Meroitic Pyramids at Meroë and Barkal. The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts. Dunham, Dows (1957). The Royal Cemeteries of Kush: Volume IV: Royal Tombs at Meroë and Barkal. The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts. Edwards, David N. (2004). The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-20087-0. Eide, Tormod; Hägg, Tomas; Holton Pierce, Richard; Török, László (1996). Fontes Historiae Nubiorum: Textual Sources for the History of the Middle Nile Region Between the Eighth Century BC and the Sixth Century AD: Vol. II: From the Mid-Fifth to the First Century BC. University of Bergen. ISBN 82-91626-01-4. Eide, Tormod; Hägg, Tomas; Holton Pierce, Richard; Török, László (1998). Fontes Historiae Nubiorum: Textual Sources for the History of the Middle Nile Region Between the Eighth Century BC and the Sixth Century AD: Vol. III: From the First to the Sixth Century AD. University of Bergen. ISBN 82-91626-07-3. Kuckertz, Josefine (2021). "Meroe and Egypt". UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Török, László (2015). The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-29401-1. Wolf, Pawel; Riedel, Alexandra (2019). "Meroe, Sudan. Fieldwork at the Royal Cemeteries of Meroe – A Progress report of the Qatari Mission for the Pyramids of Sudan. The years 2017 and 2018". E-Forschungsberichte (in German): 189–196. doi:10.34780/ja1u-r1dj. ISSN 2198-7734. Yellin, Janice W. (2020). "Prolegomena to the Study of Meroitic Art". The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-049627-2. Yellin, Janice W. (2020b). "The Royal and Elite Cemeteries at Meroe". The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-752183-0.. Discover the Wolf Riedel popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Wolf Riedel books.