Reseña de Hemingway and Stein. Gertrude Stein's Influence on Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls

Hemingway and Stein. Gertrude Stein's Influence on Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls de Kirsten Nath & Kathrin Matthes Resumen del Libro

In December 1921, twenty-two year-old Ernest Miller Hemingway and his first wife Hadley came to Paris where he worked for the Toronto Star; however, this was only a provisional job for him. He planned on becoming a serious writer and soon used Anderson’s letter of recommendation to introduce himself to the widely-known writers Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein.8 In February 1922 Hemingway met Stein and her companion Alice B. Toklas for the first time. He was immediately very fond of her and their friendship developed quickly. She read his first works and became his mentor. Stein taught Hemingway about structure and composition with the example of cubist paintings as a guide and model for the organization of poetry and prose.9 Having in mind that he could use his teachers, Pound and Stein, for his career, he readily gave them his work for revision and accepted their advice and recommendations concerning style and publication.10 In journalism Hemingway had already developed his declarative style which he refined with stylistic elements acquired from Stein.11 He enjoyed reading her Three Lives and reviewing her The Making of Americans; Hemingway even organized the publication of the latter in The Transatlantic Review where he had become assistant editor in late 1923. Edmund Wilson, one of Hemingway’s critics and friends, states that “Hemingway [had] felt the genius of Gertrude Stein’s Three Lives and [had] evidently been influenced by it”.12 Wilson even says that Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, and Sherwood Anderson formed a school of their own at the time. Each one of them used simple colloquial language, avoiding description and decorative adjectives. This, they thought, increases the quality of a story because the emotion evoked in the reader will be stronger; additionally they were of the opinion that a trait of an excellent writer is to convey emotion through omission. Hemingway, being by far the youngest of the three, learned much from his mentors. Nonetheless, he had developed a style of his own in which he hides the ‘Steinian’ stylistic elements in a way that they enforce emotion but do not affect the intelligibility of his work.13

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Hemingway and Stein. Gertrude Stein's Influence on Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls (Kirsten Nath & Kathrin Matthes) Análisis y Personajes

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