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A Pushkin Biography & Facts
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (English: ; Russian: Александр Сергеевич Пушкин, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn] ; 6 June [O.S. 26 May] 1799 – 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1837) was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era. He is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet, as well as the founder of modern Russian literature. Pushkin was born into the Russian nobility in Moscow. His father, Sergey Lvovich Pushkin, belonged to an old noble family. His maternal great-grandfather was Major-General Abram Petrovich Gannibal, a nobleman of African origin who was kidnapped from his homeland by the Ottomans, then freed by the Russian Emperor and raised in the Emperor's court household as his godson. He published his first poem at the age of 15, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment by the time of his graduation from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Upon graduation from the Lycée, Pushkin recited his controversial poem "Ode to Liberty", one of several that led to his exile by Emperor Alexander I. While under strict surveillance by the Emperor's political police and unable to publish, Pushkin wrote his most famous play, Boris Godunov. His novel in verse Eugene Onegin was serialized between 1825 and 1832. Pushkin was fatally wounded in a duel with his wife's alleged lover and her sister's husband, Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès, also known as Dantes-Gekkern, a French officer serving with the Chevalier Guard Regiment. Ancestry Pushkin's father, Sergei Lvovich Pushkin (1767–1848), was descended from a distinguished family of the Russian nobility that traced its ancestry back to the 12th century. Pushkin's mother, Nadezhda (Nadya) Ossipovna Gannibal (1775–1836), was descended through her paternal grandmother from German and Scandinavian nobility. She was the daughter of Ossip Abramovich Gannibal (1744–1807) and his wife, Maria Alekseyevna Pushkina (1745–1818). Ossip Abramovich Gannibal's father, Pushkin's great-grandfather, was Abram Petrovich Gannibal (1696–1781), an Eritrean page kidnapped and taken to Constantinople as a gift for the Ottoman Sultan and later transferred to Russia as a gift for Peter the Great. Abram wrote in a letter to Empress Elizabeth, Peter the Great's daughter, that Gannibal was from the town of "Lagon". Largely on the basis of a mythical biography by Gannibal's son-in-law Rotkirkh, some historians concluded from this that Gannibal was born in a village called Geza-Lamza near Dubarwa in the Seraye province of Mdre Bahri kingdom in today's Eritrea. Vladimir Nabokov, when researching Eugene Onegin, cast serious doubt on this origin theory. Later research by the scholars Dieudonné Gnammankou and Hugh Barnes eventually conclusively established that Gannibal was instead born in Central Africa, in an area bordering Lake Chad in modern-day Cameroon. After education in France as a military engineer, Gannibal became governor of Reval and eventually Général en Chief (the third most senior army rank) in charge of the building of sea forts and canals in Russia. Early life Born in Moscow, Pushkin was entrusted to nursemaids and French tutors, and spoke mostly French until the age of ten. He became acquainted with the Russian language through communication with household serfs and his nanny, Arina Rodionovna, whom he loved dearly and to whom he was more attached than to his own mother. He published his first poem at the age of 15. When he finished school, as part of the first graduating class of the prestigious Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo, near Saint Petersburg, his talent was already widely recognized on the Russian literary scene. At the Lyceum, he was a student of David Mara, known in Russia as David de Boudry, a younger brother of French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat. After school, Pushkin plunged into the vibrant and raucous intellectual youth culture of St. Petersburg, which was then the capital of the Russian Empire. In 1820, he published his first long poem, Ruslan and Ludmila, with much controversy about its subject and style. Social activism While at the Lyceum, Pushkin was heavily influenced by the Kantian liberal individualist teachings of Alexander Kunitsyn, whom Pushkin would later commemorate in his poem 19 October. Pushkin also immersed himself in the thought of the French Enlightenment, to which he would remain permanently indebted throughout his life, especially Voltaire, whom he described as "the first to follow the new road, and to bring the lamp of philosophy into the dark archives of history". Pushkin gradually became committed to social reform, and emerged as a spokesman for literary radicals. That angered the government and led to his transfer from the capital in May 1820. He went to the Caucasus and to Crimea and then to Kamianka and Chișinău in Bessarabia, where he became a Freemason. He joined the Filiki Eteria, a secret organization whose purpose was to overthrow Ottoman rule in Greece and establish an independent Greek state. He was inspired by the Greek Revolution and when the war against the Ottoman Empire broke out, he kept a diary recording the events of the national uprising. Rise He stayed in Chișinău until 1823 and wrote two Romantic poems which brought him acclaim: The Captive of the Caucasus and The Fountain of Bakhchisaray. In 1823, Pushkin moved to Odessa, where he again clashed with the government, which sent him into exile on his mother's rural estate of Mikhailovskoye, near Pskov, from 1824 to 1826. In Mikhaylovskoye, Pushkin wrote nostalgic love poems which he dedicated to Elizaveta Vorontsova, wife of Malorossia's General-Governor. Then Pushkin worked on his verse-novel Eugene Onegin. In Mikhaylovskoye, in 1825, Pushkin wrote the poem To***. It is generally believed that he dedicated this poem to Anna Kern, but there are other opinions. Poet Mikhail Dudin believed that the poem was dedicated to the serf Olga Kalashnikova. Pushkinist Kira Victorova believed that the poem was dedicated to the Empress Elizaveta Alekseyevna. Vadim Nikolayev argued that the idea about the Empress was marginal and refused to discuss it, while trying to prove that poem had been dedicated to Tatyana Larina, the heroine of Eugene Onegin. Authorities summoned Pushkin to Moscow after his poem Ode to Liberty was found among the belongings of the rebels from the Decembrist Uprising (1825). After his exile in 1820 Pushkin's friends and family continually petitioned for his release, sending letters and meeting Emperor Alexander I and then Emperor Nicholas I on the heels of the Decembrist Uprising. Upon meeting Emperor Nicholas I Pushkin obtained his release from exile and began to work as the emperor's Titular Counsel of the National Archives. However, because insurgents in the Decembrist Uprising (1825) in Saint Petersburg had kept some of Pushkin's earlier political poems, the emperor retained strict control of everything Pushkin published and he was banned from travelling at wi.... Discover the A Pushkin popular books. 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Best Russian Short Stories
Various, Thomas Seltzer (Translator)Translated by Thomas SeltzerTable of ContentsThe Queen of Spades By Alexsandr S. Pushkin The Cloak By Nikolay V. Gogol The District Doctor By Ivan S. Turgenev The Christmas Tree...
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Pushkin
T.J. BinyonIn the course of his short, dramatic life, Aleksandr Pushkin gave Russia not only its greatest poetry–including the novelinverse Eugene Onegin–but a new literary language. He also ...
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Collected Poetry and Poems by Alexander Pushkin. Illustrated
Alexander PushkinAlexander Pushkin began writing his first works at the age of seven. By the time he died in a duel at the age of thirtyseven, Pushkin had composed hundreds of works: lyrical poems,...
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Reading Pushkin In Siberia
Celia OresIn Reading Pushkin in Siberia, Dr. Celia Ores tells her tale of survival during World War II. She fled her hometown of Dubienka, Poland, during the Nazi invasion, only to be sent w...
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The Penguin Book of Russian Poetry
Robert Chandler, Irina Mashinski & Boris DralyukAn enchanting collection of the very best of Russian poetry, edited by acclaimed translator Robert Chandler together with poets Boris Dralyuk and Irina Mashinski. In the late eight...
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A Redhead at the Pushkin
John Francis KinsellaJohn Francis, a reputed though no longer very young Irish professor of economics, acting as an advisor to a City of London bank, meets a much younger woman in Moscow. Ekaterina Tum...
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Complete Russian Romance Poems Drama of Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin
Alexander PushkinA Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poetand the founder of modern Russian literature. Pushkin published his first poem at the ...
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The Allure of Chanel
Paul Morand & Euan CameronWith a foreword by Karl Lagerfeld, “this enchanting, tiny book”a series of transcriptions from interviews with the fashion iconis the closest anyone can get to a facetoface wi...
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Russian Short Stories from Pushkin to Buida
Robert ChandlerFrom the reign of the Tsars in the early 19th century to the collapse of the Soviet Union and beyond, the short story has long occupied a central place in Russian culture. Included...
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Novels, Tales, Journeys
Alexander Pushkin, Richard Pevear & Larissa VolokhonskyFrom the awardwinning translators: the complete prose narratives of the most acclaimed Russian writer of the Romantic era and one of the world's greatest storytellers. The father o...
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Death of an Author
Aidan MarchineWhat happens when artificial intelligence comes for the novelists? Death of an Author is a groundbreaking, suspenseful experiment in the meta world of man meets machine.When Gus D...
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The Alexander Pushkin Collection
Alexander PushkinAlexander Pushkin was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern ...
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The Collected Works of Alexander Pushkin
Alexander PushkinThis comprehensive eBook presents the complete works or all the significant works the Œuvre of this famous and brilliant writer in one ebook easytoread and easytonavigate: Euge...
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The Hunting Gun
Yasushi Inoue & Michael EmmerichA tragedy in three letters: THE masterpiece of one of Japan's greatest writersThe Hunting Gun follows the consequences of a tragic love affair. Told from the viewpoints of three di...
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The Spectre of Alexander Wolf
Gaïto Gazdanov & Bryan KaretnykOf all my memories, of all my life's innumerable sensations, the most onerous was that of the single murder I had committed.'A man comes across a short story which recounts in minu...
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A Woman in the Polar Night
Christiane Ritter & Jane Degras“An epic story, elegantly told and full of mystery.” Maggie Shipstead, author of Great CircleA rediscovered classic memoir the mesmerizingly beautiful account of one woman's year...
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El idiota
Fiodor DostoïevskiEste ebook presenta "El idiota", con un índice dinámico y detallado. Es una novela escrita por Fiódor Dostoyevski. Fue publicada originalmente en serie en El mensajero ruso...
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Crimen y Castigo
Fiodor DostoïevskiEste ebook presenta "Crimen y Castigo", con un índice dinámico y detallado. Crimen y castigo es una novela de carácter psicológico escrita por Fiódor Dostoievski. Fue publi...
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7 best short stories by Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Pushkin & August NemoWelcome to the 7 Best Short Stories book series, were we present to you the best works of remarkable authors. This edition is dedicated to Alexander Pushkin. <br /> <br /&...
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The Alexander Pushkin Collection
Alexander PushkinKarpathos publishes the greatest works of history's greatest authors and collects them to make it easy and affordable for readers to have them all at the push of a button. Al...
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Blood on the Siberian Snow
C J Farrington'Quirky and colourful' Times Crime Club'An absolute delight' L C Tyler'This intriguing but charming murder mystery is packed with psychological depth and wonderfullydrawn charact...
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Unroyal
Sarah LyallWallis, Diana and Meghan: Three Wives, One Grave NarrativeWallis Simpson, Diana Spencer and Meghan Markle all married intoand promptly challengedthe British royal family. In Unro...
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The Feud
Alex BeamThe Feud is the deliciously ironic (and sad) tale of how two literary giants destroyed their friendship in a fit of mutual pique and egomania.In 1940, Edmund Wilson was the undispu...
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Pushkin Hills
Sergei DovlatovAn unpublished writer and a chronic alcoholic, Boris Alikhanov is short of cash, at odds with the government and divorced from his wife Tatyana, who intends to emigrate to the West...
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Selected Poems of Vladimir Nabokov
Vladimir Nabokov & Thomas KarshanThough we know Vladimir Nabokov as a brilliant novelist, his first love was poetry. This landmark collection brings together the best of his verse, including many pieces that have ...
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Mud and Stars
Sara WheelerWith the writers of the golden age as her guidesPushkin, Tolstoy, Gogol, and Turgenev, among othersSara Wheeler searches for a Russia not in the news, traveling from rinsed northwe...
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Boris Godunov, Little Tragedies, and Others
Alexander Pushkin, Larissa Volokhonsky & Richard PevearThe awardwinning translators bring us the complete plays of the most acclaimed Russian writer of the Romantic era.Known as the father of Russian literature, Alexander Pushkin was c...
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The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol
Nikolai Gogol, Richard Pevear & Larissa VolokhonskyUsing, or rather mimicking, traditional forms of storytelling Gogol created stories that are complete within themselves and only tangentially connected to a meaning or moral. His w...
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Russian Magic Tales from Pushkin to Platonov
Robert Chandler, Elizabeth Chandler, Sibelan Forrester, Anna Gunin & Olga Meerson'She turned into a frog, into a lizard, into all kinds of other reptiles and then into a spindle'In these tales, young women go on long and difficult quests, wicked stepmothers tur...
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Beau Brummell
Ian Kelly"If people turn to look at you in the street, you are not well dressed, but either too stiff, too tight, or too fashionable." Beau Brummell Long before tabloids and television, ...
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Los hermanos Karamazov
Fiodor DostoïevskiEste ebook presenta "Los hermanos Karamazov", con un índice dinámico y detallado. Los hermanos Karamázov es la última novela de Fiódor Dostoyevski, publicada en noviembre d...