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GAIL (India) Limited (formerly known as Gas Authority of India Ltd.) is an Indian state-owned energy corporation with primary interests in the trade, transmission and production distribution of natural gas. GAIL also has interests in the exploration and production solar and wind power, telecom and telemetry services (GAILTEL) and electricity generation. GAIL was founded as the Gas Authority of India Ltd. in August 1984 under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas to build, operate and maintain the HVJ Gas Pipeline. On 1 February 2013, the Indian government conferred GAIL with Maharatna status along with 11 other Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). GAIL owns and operates a network of around 13,722 km of natural gas pipelines and is building around 6,000 km of pipelines of its own and about 2,000 km through two joint ventures, as part of the National Gas Grid. The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board has authorised GAIL to build the 1,755 km long Mumbai-Nagpur-Jharsuguda gas pipeline. In 2023, GAIL completed the world's first ship-to-ship LNG transfer. History The Gas Authority of India Ltd. was incorporated in August 1984 as a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG) to build, operate and maintain HVJ gas pipeline. The 1,750 km long pipeline was one of the largest natural gas pipeline projects in the world and was built at a cost of ₹17 billion (US$210 million). Construction began in June 1987 and was energised by July 1989. In November 1988, GAIL received approval to build a ₹3 billion (US$38 million) LPG extraction plant in Vijaipur with a capacity of 400,000 tpa. Phase I of the plant, with a capacity of 200,000 tpa was commissioned in 1990-91, eight months ahead of schedule. Phase II was commissioned in February 1992. GAIL entered into a joint venture agreement with British Gas on 6 December 1994 to create Mahanagar Gas Limited to implement the Bombay City Gas Distribution project. GAIL was awarded Navratna status by the Indian government on 1 January 1997, in acknowledgement of its "excellent track record" and "potential to become a global giant" and providing it with greater autonomy. Later in 1997, GAIL began its city gas distribution pilot project in New Delhi by setting up nine compressed natural gas (CNG) stations. In 1998, GAIL entered into a joint venture with the Bharat Petroleum and the Government of Delhi to create Indraprastha Gas to implement the Delhi gas distribution network. In March 2000, GAIL commissioned a petrochemical plant with a capacity to process 300,000 tonnes of ethylene to produce 260,000 tonnes of HDPE and LLDPE in Pata, Auraiya district in Uttar Pradesh. The plant, connected to the HVJ pipeline converts natural gas to petrochemicals. In 2016, the plant capacity was doubled to produce 400,000 tons of PE per year. In 2019, In 2018-19, the plant's capacity was doubled to 810,000 tonnes per year. In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in India, lack of market demand caused GAIL to shutdown the plant. GAIL commissioned the 1,269 km Jamnagar-Loni LPG pipeline. It was the world's longest LPG pipeline when commissioned and supplied 1.7 million TPA to Northern India. To secure gas for its mainstream business, the Exploration and Production department was created. Today GAIL is a partner in the Daewoo-OVL-LED consortium in two offshore blocks in Myanmar. The bulk of its blocks is located in India, in the areas of the Gulf of Khambhat, the Assam-Arakan basin, the Mahanadi River Basin, the K-G (Krishna Godavari) basin, and the Kaveri river basin. GAIL has diversified into petrochemicals, telecom and liquid hydrocarbons other than gas infrastructure. The company has also extended its presence in power, liquefied natural gas (LNG), regasification, city gas distribution and exploration & production through participation in equity and joint ventures. Following these additional ventures, the Gas Authority of India was renamed GAIL (India) Limited on 22 November 2002. GAIL (India) Limited has shown organic growth in gas transmission through the years by building a large network of trunk pipelines covering a length of around 10,700 kilometres (6,600 mi). Leveraging this, GAIL played a key role as a gas market developer in India for decades, catering primarily to major industrial sectors like power, fertilizer production, and city gas distribution. GAIL transmits more than 160 million cubic metres per of gas per day at standard conditions through its dedicated pipelines and has more than 70% market share in both gas transmission and marketing. Infrastructure GAIL owns the prominent Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur cross-country pipeline, spanning 2,300 km with a capacity to handle 33.4 million cubic metres per day at standard temperatures and pressures. As of 2022, the company owns and operates more than 11,000 km of inter-provincial gas pipelines, having a presence in 22 states within India. It also owns and operates more than 2,000 kilometres of LPG pipelines in the country, spanning Jamnagar in Gujarat to Loni in Uttar Pradesh. The company also owns and operates seven mega LPG recovery plants in the country today and has to its credit almost 20% of domestic LPG produced and supplied for domestic usage through its sisters PSUs like IOCL, BPCL and HPCL. GAIL is one of the major petrochemical conglomerates in the country today with India's largest gas-based petrochemicals in operation since 1999. In petrochemicals it has its own gas-based integrated petrochemical plant and also the ownership of 70% in dual fuel petrochemicals in Assam, Brahmaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited and one of the major equity partners in OPal. The company supplies gas to power plants for the generation of over 4,000 MW of power to Fertilizer plants for the production of 10 million tonnes of urea and several other industries. The regional pipelines are in Mumbai, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Assam, Tripura, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. The company has established six liquefied petroleum gas processing plants, two at Vijaipur, MP, one at Waghodia, Gujarat, one at Gandhar, Gujarat, one at Auraiya, UP and one each in Lakwa, Assam and Usar, Maharashtra. These plants can produce nearly 1 million tonnes per annum of LPG. GAIL has also set up several compressor stations for boosting the gas pressure to desired levels for its customers and internal users. GAIL also possesses a vast telecommunication network that contributes significantly to the high level of system reliability of operations, online real-time communication and monitoring higher productivity. GAIL became the first Infrastructure Provider Category II Licensee and signed the country's first Service Level Agreement for leasing bandwidth in the Delhi-Vijaipur sector in 2001, through its telecom business GAILTEL. In 2001, GAIL commissioned the world's longest and Ind.... Discover the Gail Grant popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Gail Grant books.