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Salah (Arabic: ٱلصَّلَاةُ, romanized: as-Ṣalāh), is the principal form of worship in Islam. Facing Mecca, it consists of units called rak'a (specific set of movements), during which the Quran is recited, and prayers from the Sunnah are typically said. The number of rak'a varies from prayer to prayer. Minor details of performing salah may differ according to the madhhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence) of the person performing it. Salah may refer to the form of worship in general, or specifically to the five daily obligatory prayers performed by Muslims. The obligatory prayers play an integral part in the Islamic faith, being the second of the Five Pillars of Islam for Sunnis, and one of the Ancillaries of the Faith for Shiites. In addition, supererogatory salah may be performed by Muslims at any time with a few exceptions, or at specific times in accordance with the Sunnah. Ritual purity and Wudu are prerequisites for performing salah. Muslims may perform salah alone or in congregation. Some of these prayers are special and are exclusively performed in congregation, such as the Friday salah and Eid prayers, both are performed with a khutbah (sermon). Some concessions are made for Muslims who are physically unable to perform the salah in its original form, or are travelling. Etymology and other names The Arabic word salah (Arabic: صلاة, romanized: Ṣalāh, pronounced [sˤɑˈlæːh]) means 'prayer'. The word is used primarily by English speakers to refer to the five daily obligatory prayers. Similar terms are used to refer to the prayer in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Somalia, Tanzania, and by some Swahili speakers. The origin of the word is debated. Some have suggested that salah derives from the triliteral root 'و - ص - ل' (W-Ṣ-L) which means 'linking things together', relating it to the obligatory prayers in the sense that one connects to Allah through prayer. In some translations, namely that of Quranist Rashad Khalifa, salah is translated as the 'contact prayer', either because of the physical contact the head makes with the ground during the prostration, or again because the prayer connects the one who performs it to Allah. Another theory suggests the word derives from the triliteral root 'ص - ل - و' (Ṣ-L-W), the meaning of which is not agreed upon. In other countries, including Bosnia, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and other countries where Iranian and Turkic languages are spoken, the Persian word namaz (Persian: نماز, romanized: Namāz) is used to refer to salah. This word originates from the Middle Persian word for 'reverence'. Religious significance The word salah is mentioned 83 times in the Quran as a noun. Salah is generally classified into obligatory prayers and supererogatory prayers, the latter being further divided into Sunnah prayers and nafl prayers. The primary purpose of salah is to act as a mode of communication with Allah. The objectives of salah are various in Islamic belief, and include purification of the heart, growing closer to Allah, and strengthening one's faith. It is believed that the soul requires prayer and closeness to Allah to stay sustained and healthy, and that prayer spiritually sustains the human soul, just as food provides nourishment to the physical body. Tafsir (exegesis) of the Quran can give four reasons for the observation of salah. First, in order to commend God, Allah's servants, together with the angels, do salah ("blessing, salutations"). Second, salah is done involuntarily by all beings in creation, in the sense that they are always in contact with Allah by virtue of him creating and sustaining them. Third, Muslims voluntarily offer salah to reveal that it is the particular form of worship that belongs to the prophets. Fourth, salah is described as the second pillar of Islam. Abandoning salah Within the Sunni schools of jurisprudence, the Hanbali school considers abandoning the obligatory prayers an act of apostasy. The other Sunni schools consider doing so a major sin. All four major schools of Sunni Islam agree that considering the obligatory prayers optional or unnecessary invalidates the faith of one who does so, rendering them apostates. Within the Hanafi school, abandoning Witr is not an act of disbelief, despite their opinion that it is obligatory. Performing salah There is consensus on the vast majority of the major details of the salah, but there are different views on some of the more intricate details. A Muslim is required to perform Wudu (ablution) before performing salah, and making the niyyah (intention) is a prerequisite for all deeds in Islam, including salah. Some schools of Islamic jurisprudence hold that intending to pray suffices in the heart, and some require that the intention be spoken, usually under the breath. A salah is made up of a repeating unit of specific movements and recitations known as a rak'a (Arabic: ركعة, romanized: rak'ah, pl. Arabic: ركعات, romanized: raka'āt). A single prayer can consist of between one and four rak'a. Between each position in a rak'a, there is a very slight pause. The takbir is recited when moving from one position to another, except when standing back up from the bowing position. The person praying begins in a standing position known as Qiyam, although people who find it difficult to do so may begin while sitting or lying on the ground. This is followed by raising the hands to the head and recitation of the takbir, an action known as the Takbirat al-Ihram (Arabic: تكبيرة الإحرام, romanized: Takbīrat al-Iḥrām). The hands are then lowered, and may be clasped on the abdomen (qabd), or hang by one's sides (sadl). A Muslim may not converse, eat, or do things that are otherwise halal after the Takbirat al-Ihram. A Muslim must keep their vision low during prayer, looking at the place where their face will contact the ground during prostration. A prayer may be said before the recitation of the Quran commences. Next, Al-Fatiha, the first chapter of the Quran, is recited. In the first and second rak'a of all prayers, a surah other than Al-Fatiha or part thereof is recited after Al-Fatiha. This is followed by another takbir after which the person praying bows down their waist in a position known as ruku with their hands on their knees (depending on the madhhab, rules may differ for women). While bowing, specific versions of tasbih are uttered once or more. As the worshipper straightens their back, they say the Arabic phrase "سمع الله لمن حمده" (lit. 'Allah hears the one who praises him.'), followed by the phrase "ربنا لك الحمد" (lit. 'Our Lord, all praise is for you.') Following the recitation of these words of praise, the takbir is recited once again before the worshipper kneels and prostrates with the forehead, nose, knees, palms and toes touching the floor, a position known as sujud. Similar to ruku, specific versions of tasbih are uttered once or more in sujud. The worshipper recites the takbir and rises up to sit briefly, then recites takbir and returns to sujud once.... Discover the Jannah Firdaus Mediapro popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Jannah Firdaus Mediapro books.