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Mary Wine Biography & Facts
Wine is an alcoholic drink made from fermented fruit. Yeast consumes the sugar in the fruit and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Wine is most often made from grapes, and the term "wine" generally refers to grape wine when used without any qualification. Even so, wine can be made from a variety of fruit crops, including plum, cherry, pomegranate, blueberry, currant and elderberry. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. These differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. Wine has been produced for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of wine is from the present-day Georgia (6000 BCE), Persia (5000 BCE), Italy and Armenia (4000 BCE). New World wine has some connection to alcoholic beverages made by the indigenous peoples of the Americas, but is mainly connected to later Spanish traditions in New Spain. Later, as Old World wine further developed viticulture techniques, Europe would encompass three of the largest wine-producing regions. Today, based on statistics gathered by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) in 2022 the top five wine producing countries are Italy, France, Spain, the United States and Australia. Wine has long played an important role in religion. Red wine was associated with blood by the ancient Egyptians and was used by both the Greek cult of Dionysus and the Romans in their Bacchanalia; Judaism also incorporates it in the Kiddush, and Christianity in the Eucharist. Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Israeli wine cultures are still connected to these ancient roots. Similarly the largest wine regions in Italy, Spain, and France have heritages in connection to sacramental wine, likewise, viticulture traditions in the Southwestern United States started within New Spain as Catholic friars and monks first produced wines in New Mexico and California. History The earliest known traces of wine are from Georgia (c. 6000 BCE), Iran (Persia) (c. 5000 BCE), Armenia (c. 4100 BCE), and Sicily (c. 4000 BCE). Wine reached the Balkans by 4500 BC and was consumed and celebrated in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Throughout history, wine has been consumed for its intoxicating effects. The earliest archaeological and archaeobotanical evidence for grape wine and viniculture, dating to 6000–5800 BCE was found on the territory of modern Georgia. Both archaeological and genetic evidence suggest that the earliest production of wine outside of Georgia was relatively later, likely having taken place elsewhere in the Southern Caucasus (which encompasses Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan), or the West Asian region between Eastern Turkey, and northern Iran. The earliest known winery from 4100 BCE is the Areni-1 winery in Armenia. A 2003 report by archaeologists indicates a possibility that grapes were mixed with rice to produce fermented drinks in ancient China in the early years of the seventh millennium BCE. Pottery jars from the Neolithic site of Jiahu, Henan, contained traces of tartaric acid and other organic compounds commonly found in wine. However, other fruits indigenous to the region, such as hawthorn, cannot be ruled out. If these drinks, which seem to be the precursors of rice wine, included grapes rather than other fruits, they would have been any of the several dozen indigenous wild species in China, rather than Vitis vinifera, which was introduced 6000 years later. In 2020, a 2,600-year-old well-preserved Phoenician wine press was excavated at Tell el-Burak, south of Sidon in Lebanon, probably devoted to making wine for trading in their colonies. The spread of wine culture westwards was most probably due to the Phoenicians, who spread outward from a base of city-states along the Mediterranean coast centered around modern day Lebanon (as well as including small parts of Israel/Palestine and coastal Syria); however, the Nuragic culture in Sardinia already had a custom of consuming wine before the arrival of the Phoenicians. The wines of Byblos were exported to Egypt during the Old Kingdom and then throughout the Mediterranean. Evidence for this includes two Phoenician shipwrecks from 750 BCE, found with their cargoes of wine still intact, which were discovered by Robert Ballard As the first great traders in wine (cherem), the Phoenicians seem to have protected it from oxidation with a layer of olive oil, followed by a seal of pinewood and resin, similar to retsina. The earliest remains of Apadana Palace in Persepolis dating back to 515 BCE include carvings depicting soldiers from Achaemenid Empire subject nations bringing gifts to the Achaemenid king, among them Armenians bringing their famous wine. Literary references to wine are abundant in Homer (8th century BCE, but possibly relating earlier compositions), Alkman (7th century BCE), and others. In ancient Egypt, six of 36 wine amphoras were found in the tomb of King Tutankhamun bearing the name "Kha'y", a royal chief vintner. Five of these amphoras were designated as originating from the king's personal estate, with the sixth from the estate of the royal house of Aten. Traces of wine have also been found in central Asian Xinjiang in modern-day China, dating from the second and first millennia BCE. The first known mention of grape-based wines in India is from the late 4th-century BCE writings of Chanakya, the chief minister of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. In his writings, Chanakya condemns the use of alcohol while chronicling the emperor and his court's frequent indulgence of a style of wine known as madhu. The ancient Romans planted vineyards near garrison towns so wine could be produced locally rather than shipped over long distances. Some of these areas are now world-renowned for wine production. The Romans discovered that burning sulfur candles inside empty wine vessels kept them fresh and free from a vinegar smell. In medieval Europe, the Roman Catholic Church supported wine because the clergy required it for the Mass. Monks in France made wine for years, aging it in caves. An old English recipe that survived in various forms until the 19th century calls for refining white wine from bastard—bad or tainted bastardo wine. Later, the descendants of the sacramental wine were refined for a more palatable taste. This gave rise to modern viticulture in French wine, Italian wine, Spanish wine, and these wine grape traditions were brought into New World wine. For example, Mission grapes were brought by Franciscan monks to New Mexico in 1628 beginning the New Mexico wine heritage, these grapes were also brought to Cal.... Discover the Mary Wine popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Mary Wine books.
Best Seller Mary Wine Books of 2024
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Wed and Buried
Mary DaheimUnholy MatrimonyAsk not for whom the wedding bell tolls, it tolls for Judith McMonigle Flynn's son Mikeand the Hillside Manor b&b is packed to the rafters with relatives. Howev...
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Creeps Suzette
Mary DaheimThe offseason blahs, a pyromaniacal mom, and a recently retired husband who is constantly underfoot have poor Judith McMonigle Flynn going stir crazy at Hillside Manor. So the harr...
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This Old Souse
Mary DaheimUSA Today bestselling mystery maven Mary Daheim brings us another intriguing tale in her cherished BedandBreakfast mystery series in which a trip down memory lane brings Judith and...
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Dune to Death
Mary DaheimBedandbreakfast hostess Judith McMonigle and her policeman beau Joe Flynn hgave finally gotten hitchedand they're off on a sunny honeymoon to beautiful Buccaneer Beach.But an unfor...
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Auntie Mayhem
Mary DaheimThough lurching through London is ever so jolly, hostess onholiday Judith McMonigle Flynn and her cantankerous cousin Renie are looking forward to an unharried weekend at a real En...
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September Mourn
Mary DaheimFall has fallen upon Judith McMonigle Flynn, leaving her Hillside Manor nearly devoid of guests. And what better cure for the offseason blahs than a brief bout of B&B sifting f...
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Cook Now, Eat Later
Mary BerryIn our timestrapped lives, it isn't always easy to eat healthy homecooked food every day of the week. You need never go hungry again with these delicious, straightforward recipes f...
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Mary at the Farm and Book of Recipes Compiled during Her Visit
Edith ThomasIt offers insight into the lives, manners, domestic arts and cuisine of the Pennsylvannia Dutch people. It is considered among the major reliable early 20th century sources for thi...
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A Fit of Tempera
Mary DaheimVan Goghing...going...gone!Poor Judith McMonigle Flynn! All she wants is a muchneeded break from the rigors of running Hillside Manor. But she and cousin Renie have barely set foot...
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Here Comes the Bribe
Mary DaheimJudith McMonigle Flynn has her hands full with unexpected family ties and a dead body in the backyard in this delightfully zany mystery in Mary Daheim’s popular BedandBreakfast ser...
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The Sourdough School
Vanessa Kimbell'Master the art of sourdough with Vanessa and you will learn how to look after your own gut microbes and health.' Tim Spector, author of The Diet Myth At her renowned Sourdough Sc...
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Major Vices
Mary DaheimThough they'd rather be boiled in oil, Judith McMonigle Flynn and her cantankerous cousin Renie have agreed to cater a seventyfifth birthday bash for their batty old Uncle Boo Majo...
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Suture Self
Mary DaheimA bum hip has bedandbreakfast hostess Judith McMonigle Flynn limping off to Good Cheer Hospital a questionable "haven of healing" where two recent patients didn't make the cut aft...
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Dead Man Docking
Mary DaheimB&B hostess Judith McMonigle Flynn and her closerthanasibling cousin Renie would be crazy to turn down a free, 1930sthemed South Pacific islands cruise aboard the magnificent S...
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Silver Scream
Mary DaheimWhile witches fly and ghosts go by on a Halloween weekend, a Hollywood cast and crew descend upon Hillside Manor. Judith McMonigle Flynn′s worst nightmare is realised when yet anot...
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Loco Motive
Mary Daheim“Daheim writes with wit, wisdom, and a big heart. I love her books.”Carolyn HartAnother deft and daffy BedandBreakfast mystery from the indomitable Mary Daheim“The reigning Queen o...
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Mary Berry Cooks to Perfection
Mary BerryCook over 100 recipes to absolute perfection with guidance from Mary Berry.For each recipe Mary identifies the crucial techniques that guarantee perfect results and gives easytofol...
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Clam Wake
Mary DaheimInnkeeper and irrepressible sleuth Judith McMonigle Flynn and cousin Renie face off against a coldblooded killer in a beach community in this delightfully charming BedandBreakfast ...
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Hocus Croakus
Mary DaheimWith major renovations going on at Seattle′s favourite B\′9126B, Mary Daheim moves Judith, Renie and the rest of the unforgettable clan to temporary lodgings at a casino resort. Bu...
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The Mystery Writers of America Cookbook
Kate White, Harlan Coben, Gillian Flynn, Mary Higgins Clark & Brad MeltzerEnjoy over 100 recipes and murderously fun facts from legendary mystery authors like Sue Grafton, Louise Penny, Harlan Coben, and James Patterson! With art deco embellishments and...
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Baking with Mary Berry
Mary BerryA sweet and savory collection of more than 100 foolproof recipes from the reigning "Queen of Baking" Mary Berry, who has made her way into American homes through ABC's primetime se...
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Tiny Hot Dogs
Mary GiulianiFrom awkward schoolgirl to Caterer to the Stars, Mary Giuliani weaves together a collection of hilarious memories, from professional growing pains to her long journey to motherhood...
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Scots on the Rocks
Mary DaheimWhen Judith and her cousin Renie go on vacation in a remote and possibly haunted Scottish castle owned by a rich whiskey distillery baron strange things start occurring. They meet ...
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Crumb
Richard BertinetFinalist for the Guild of Food Writers Specialist or Single Subject Cookbook Award 2020'If you only have one book about how to make bread, this should really be it.' Nathan Outlaw'...
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Murder, My Suite
Mary DaheimGossip columnist Dagmar Delacroix Chatsworth and her yappy lapdog Rover's recent stay at the Hillside manor left hostess Judith McMonigle Flynn's nerves, and best bed linens, in ta...
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One Tin Bakes
Edd KimberONE TIN, 70 BAKESBBC Good Food Best Food Books of 2020The Guardian Best Food Books of 2020 New York Times Best Cookbooks of 2020 Washington Post Top Cookbooks for 2020'A brilliant ...
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All the Pretty Hearses
Mary Daheim“Daheim writes with wit, wisdom, and a big heart." Carolyn HartCormac McCarthy has nothing on Mary Daheimwhose fabulous BedandBreakfast mysteries win hands down when it comes ...
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Holy Terrors
Mary DaheimCatering the annual preEaster brunch and egg hunt is a hareraising hassle for Judith McManigle, hardworking hostess of the Hillside Manor.And this year's egg scramble gets particul...
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Vi Agra Falls
Mary DaheimInnkeeper and amateur sleuth Judith McMonigle Flynn's worst nightmare comes true when Vivian Flynnhusband Joe's first wifemoves back into the neighborhood. Vivian, who has become m...
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A Streetcar Named Expire
Mary DaheimFor Sale: Luxury Condos, Corpse IncludedJust a stone's throw from Judith McMonigle Flynn's thriving Hillside Manor, workmen are busy renovating the elegantly decrepit Alhambra Arms...
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I Love New York
Daniel Humm, Will Guidara & Francesco TonelliFrom the acclaimed team behind Manhattan's threeMichelinstarred Elven Madison Park restaurant comes this deluxe cookbook showcasing the foods, ingredients, and culinary history of ...
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Entertaining with Mary Berry
Mary Berry & Lucy Young"Here it is the muchrequested book to answer all your party needs and put your mind at rest when cooking for a crowd."In this extraspecial updated edition of Mary Berry's popular ...
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So Good
Emily EnglishDelicious recipes. Nutritionally balanced. So Good.When we think of nutrition and eating well, so many of us jump to the words 'diet', 'unenjoyable', and 'sacrifice'. Sometimes we ...
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Gone with the Win
Mary DaheimIn Gone with the Win, another charming entry in Mary Daheim’s beloved BedandBreakfast series, someone from Judith McMonigle Flynn’s past comes knocking, and the reluctant amateur s...
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Bantam of the Opera
Mary DaheimBedandbreakfast hostess Judith McMonigle Flynn isn't exactly bellowing "Bravo!" over the news that obnoxious opera star Mario Pacetti and his entourage are coming to stay at the Hi...
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Cooking with Mary Berry
Mary Berry150 everyday recipe favorites from the star judge of the ABC series The Great Holiday Baking Show and the PBS series The Great British Baking Show.Cooking with Mary Berry covers a ...
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The Wurst Is Yet to Come
Mary Daheim“Daheim writes with wit, wisdom, and a big heart."Carolyn Hart, bestselling author of the Death on Demand seriesThe Wurst is Yet to Come: The wacky title alone tells you that you a...