Pi Kids Popular Books
Pi Kids Biography & Facts
The number π (; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics. It is an irrational number, meaning that it cannot be expressed exactly as a ratio of two integers, although fractions such as 22 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {22}{7}}} are commonly used to approximate it. Consequently, its decimal representation never ends, nor enters a permanently repeating pattern. It is a transcendental number, meaning that it cannot be a solution of an equation involving only finite sums, products, powers, and integers. The transcendence of π implies that it is impossible to solve the ancient challenge of squaring the circle with a compass and straightedge. The decimal digits of π appear to be randomly distributed, but no proof of this conjecture has been found. For thousands of years, mathematicians have attempted to extend their understanding of π, sometimes by computing its value to a high degree of accuracy. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Babylonians, required fairly accurate approximations of π for practical computations. Around 250 BC, the Greek mathematician Archimedes created an algorithm to approximate π with arbitrary accuracy. In the 5th century AD, Chinese mathematicians approximated π to seven digits, while Indian mathematicians made a five-digit approximation, both using geometrical techniques. The first computational formula for π, based on infinite series, was discovered a millennium later. The earliest known use of the Greek letter π to represent the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter was by the Welsh mathematician William Jones in 1706. The invention of calculus soon led to the calculation of hundreds of digits of π, enough for all practical scientific computations. Nevertheless, in the 20th and 21st centuries, mathematicians and computer scientists have pursued new approaches that, when combined with increasing computational power, extended the decimal representation of π to many trillions of digits. These computations are motivated by the development of efficient algorithms to calculate numeric series, as well as the human quest to break records. The extensive computations involved have also been used to test supercomputers as well as stress testing consumer computer hardware. Because its definition relates to the circle, π is found in many formulae in trigonometry and geometry, especially those concerning circles, ellipses and spheres. It is also found in formulae from other topics in science, such as cosmology, fractals, thermodynamics, mechanics, and electromagnetism. It also appears in areas having little to do with geometry, such as number theory and statistics, and in modern mathematical analysis can be defined without any reference to geometry. The ubiquity of π makes it one of the most widely known mathematical constants inside and outside of science. Several books devoted to π have been published, and record-setting calculations of the digits of π often result in news headlines. Fundamentals Name The symbol used by mathematicians to represent the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter is the lowercase Greek letter π, sometimes spelled out as pi. In English, π is pronounced as "pie" ( PY). In mathematical use, the lowercase letter π is distinguished from its capitalized and enlarged counterpart Π, which denotes a product of a sequence, analogous to how Σ denotes summation. The choice of the symbol π is discussed in the section Adoption of the symbol π. Definition π is commonly defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d: The ratio C d {\textstyle {\frac {C}{d}}} is constant, regardless of the circle's size. For example, if a circle has twice the diameter of another circle, it will also have twice the circumference, preserving the ratio C d {\textstyle {\frac {C}{d}}} . This definition of π implicitly makes use of flat (Euclidean) geometry; although the notion of a circle can be extended to any curve (non-Euclidean) geometry, these new circles will no longer satisfy the formula π = C d {\textstyle \pi ={\frac {C}{d}}} . Here, the circumference of a circle is the arc length around the perimeter of the circle, a quantity which can be formally defined independently of geometry using limits—a concept in calculus. For example, one may directly compute the arc length of the top half of the unit circle, given in Cartesian coordinates by the equation x 2 + y 2 = 1 {\textstyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1} , as the integral: An integral such as this was adopted as the definition of π by Karl Weierstrass, who defined it directly as an integral in 1841. Integration is no longer commonly used in a first analytical definition because, as Remmert 2012 explains, differential calculus typically precedes integral calculus in the university curriculum, so it is desirable to have a definition of π that does not rely on the latter. One such definition, due to Richard Baltzer and popularized by Edmund Landau, is the following: π is twice the smallest positive number at which the cosine function equals 0. π is also the smallest positive number at which the sine function equals zero, and the difference between consecutive zeroes of the sine function. The cosine and sine can be defined independently of geometry as a power series, or as the solution of a differential equation. In a similar spirit, π can be defined using properties of the complex exponential, exp z, of a complex variable z. Like the cosine, the complex exponential can be defined in one of several ways. The set of complex numbers at which exp z is equal to one is then an (imaginary) arithmetic progression of the form: and there is a unique positive real number π with this property. A variation on the same idea, making use of sophisticated mathematical concepts of topology and algebra, is the following theorem: there is a unique (up to automorphism) continuous isomorphism from the group R/Z of real numbers under addition modulo integers (the circle group), onto the multiplicative group of complex numbers of absolute value one. The number π is then defined as half the magnitude of the derivative of this homomorphism. Irrationality and normality π is an irrational number, mea.... Discover the Pi Kids popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Pi Kids books.
Best Seller Pi Kids Books of 2024
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Fraction Fun
David A. Adler & Nancy TobinWould you rather eat 1/4 of a pizza or 1/8 of a pizza? Find 3/4 of a dollar or 1/10 of a dollar? Confused? You don't have to be! Fractions are made easy in this simple and handson ...
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P.I. Penguin and the Case of the Belltower Bandit
Bec J. SmithCan P.I. discover the identity of the Bell Tower Bandit?When some bird sabotages the beautiful tower bells, P.I. Penguin is called in to help solve the case.Join P.I. Penguin as he...
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Pi-Pi der kleine Pinguin und der geheimnisvolle Brief
Thomas P. GrohHallo PinguFreunde und PinguFreundinnen! Hier ist mal eine Kurzfassung meiner Geschichte! In seinem ersten Abenteuer muss PiPi mit seinem besten Freund Frederic durch halb Traumtas...
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P.I. Butterfly
Karen KilpatrickCan P.I. Butterfly save a birthday party gone bad? From mysterious disappearances to a house full of suspects, P.I. Butterfly must stop the Birthday Bandit before her younger broth...
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Pigeon P.i.
Meg McLarenThis clever and engaging picture book is a delightful and witty first look at the "noir" detective genre for young readers. A pigeon private investigator emerges from retirement to...
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Sir Cumference and the Fracton Faire
Cindy Neuschwander & Wayne GeehanJoin Sir Cumference and the gang for more wordplay, puns, and problem solving in the clever math adventure that introduces readers to the concept of fractons. Sir Cumference and La...
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The Way We Roll
Stephanie Perry MoorePledging wasn't in Malloy Murray's plans, but it might be exactly what she needs. . . Malloy Murray has never had any close girlfriends, so she wasn't really feeling the whole "sor...
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Io, pi
Roberto PiuminiFelci felici, bici e abc, un Romolo che rema e un’allergia che diventa allegria… Roberto Piumini continua e approfondisce la ricerca sul valore espressivo della parola con una racc...
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P.I. Penguin and the Case of the Christmas Lights
Bec J. SmithBecause penguins can celebrate Christmas too!This happy holiday, P.I. Penguin wants to create a very special Christmas lights display. Even with his string of bulbs, his lonely hom...
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Shamus the Urban Rez Dog, P.I.
Leslie GentileMissing jewelry, a false accusation, and a real thief. Shamus the Urban Rez Dog, P.I. is on the case. The name’s Shamus. I’m a special kind of dog known as a Rez Dog. That means I’...
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Pi Day
Brian BriscoeHarry is 'different'.He is the kid the teacher does not know what to do with. The one who is obsessive, unusual and often misunderstood. That's Harry. Obsessed with the number 'pi'...
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P.I. Penguin and the Case of the Treetop Tagger
Bec J. SmithWho left their mark on the old boab tree?P.I. is on the case again, this time investigating a crime of vandalism and graffiti at King's Park!Can he find the culprit?Join P.I. Pengu...
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P.I. Butterfly
Karen KilpatrickThe third installment of the popular awardwinning early graphic novel series!It's the opening night of the school play but Daisy, the lead of the show, has disappeared! There's no ...
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P.I. Penguin and the Case of the Missing Bottle
Bec J. Smith & Adit GalihIn this, the first book of the P.I. Penguin series, P.I. Penguin is on the hunt for Bella Bottlenose’s missing bottle. Was it stolen by a nasty bottle thief? Let’s follow the clues...
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Our Favorite Day of the Year
A. E. Ali“Gorgeously inviting illustrations and a joyful theme…the consummate first day read.” Shelf Awareness (starred review)A heartwarming picture book following a group of boys from dif...
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Red Cat
Peter SpiegelmanThis riveting mystery finds Private Investigator John March descending into Manhattan’s dark and scandalous underworld to help a member of his own family. David March, John’s broth...
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Sir Cumference and the Dragon of Pi
Cindy Neuschwander & Wayne GeehanJoin Sir Cumference for wordplay, puns, and problem solving in this entertaining, medieval math adventure story about radius and the number Pi. This time the math adventure is cent...
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Gone by Midnight
Candice Fox#1 New York Times and Globe and Mail bestselling author Candice Fox delivers a compulsive new crime thriller with Gone by Midnight.Crimson Lake is where people with dark pasts come...
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Whipping Boy
Allen KurzweilWinner of the Edgar® Award for Best Fact CrimeThe true account of one boy’s lifelong search for his boardingschool bully.Equal parts childhood memoir and literary thriller, Whippin...
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The Missing Magic Wand
Felix GumpawIn this fifth installment of the Pup Detectives graphic novel series, the pup detectives must save one of their own!There’s a new student at Pawston Elementary named Labracadabrado...
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My Mother, Madame Edwarda, The Dead Man
Georges BatailleIn these three works of erotic prose Georges Bataille fuses sex and spirituality in a highly personal and philosophical vision of the self. My Mother is a frank and intense depicti...
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P I Penguin
Justin RichardsPolly loves animals, and she loves working with her parents at the Three Rivers Animal Park. But she never expected to find a penguin in her bath – and certainly not a detective pe...
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Charlotte Illes Is Not a Detective
Katie SiegelFor everyone who grew up wanting to be Harriet the Spy or Nancy Drew, this witty and charming series from a TikTok sensation offers a modern, millennialfriendly spin on cozy myster...
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The Big Bad Woof
Felix GumpawIn this seventh installment of the Pup Detectives graphic novel series, the sleuths must foil an art heist!In the world of priceless paintings, one name threatens to huff and puff ...
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P.I. Jax and The Missing Blanket
Breia JeffersonJaxon is an outgoing and loving toddler. He enjoys going to school, playing sports, and solving cool mysteries. Today is showandtell day at school, and Jaxon is excited to show his...
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Getting Started with Raspberry Pi
Richard WentkA technology book for kids!Do you want to learn how computers work? This book introduces you to the world of computing with the Raspberry Pi the small, inexpensive, and supercool ...
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Pi in the Sky
Wendy MassJoss is the seventh son of the Supreme Overlord of the Universe, and all he gets to do is deliver pies. That's right: pies. Of course these pies actually hold the secrets of the un...
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Mystery Mountain Getaway
Felix GumpawIn this sixth installment of the Pup Detectives graphic novel series, the pup detectives dig up the secrets of Mystery Mountain!Rider Woofson and the other pup detectives are excit...
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Journey of the Pale Bear
Susan Fletcher“A lovely little miracle of a book.” Katherine Applegate, Newbery Medal–winning author of The One and Only Ivan “[A] largehearted and riveting medieval adventure.” William Alexande...
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P.I. Penguin and the Case of the Missing Bottle
Bec J. SmithCrack detective P.I. Penguin is on the hunt again.Bella's bottle was there one minute, gone the next!Was it stolen by a nasty bottle thief?Follow the clues to solve the crime, find...
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Get What You Give
Stephanie Perry MooreIt's time for Hailey Grant to listen to her heart and determine her future. . . Following in her big sister Hayden's footsteps, Hailey Grant is attending Western Smith College. But...
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P.I. Butterfly
Karen Kilpatrick"Kids will laugh and learn as P.I. Butterfly solves the case!" Jim Benton, NYT bestselling author (Dear Dumb Diary, Franny K. Stein, Catwad)This outlandish whodunit will keep read...
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Cutting-Edge Computing with Raspberry Pi
Krystyna Poray GodduComputer coding sounds intimidating to many people, but what if there was an easytouse, affordable device that could help teach this skill in a fun, innovative way? There is! Raspb...
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The Nymphos of Rocky Flats
Mario AcevedoThe first and only vampire book to be declassified by the federal government . . .Felix Gomez went to Iraq a soldier. He came back a vampire. Now he finds himself pulled into a web...
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Bones
John WilsonSam and Annabel visit Sam's mom on her farm in Drumheller, Alberta during a dinosaur dig.Annabel is thrilled to have access to paleontologists and spends as much time as she can ne...
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Tres Pi erre que erre
Andreu MartínUna nueva y desternillante aventura de la detective juvenil Teresa Pi, también llamada Tres Catorce. Nuestra heroína acaba de salvar la vida del pichichi del Barcelona, Manolo Due,...
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Raspberry Pi for Kids for Dummies
Richard WentkGetting acquainted with your Raspberry Pi has never been sweeter Raspberry Pi For Kids For Dummies makes it easy for kids to setup, operate, and troubleshoot like a Pi pro! Introdu...