James Bone Popular Books
James Bone Biography & Facts
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex internal and external structures. They are lightweight yet strong and hard and serve multiple functions. Bone tissue (osseous tissue), which is also called bone in the uncountable sense of that word, is hard tissue, a type of specialised connective tissue. It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity. Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells. Osteoblasts and osteocytes are involved in the formation and mineralisation of bone; osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone tissue. Modified (flattened) osteoblasts become the lining cells that form a protective layer on the bone surface. The mineralised matrix of bone tissue has an organic component of mainly collagen called ossein and an inorganic component of bone mineral made up of various salts. Bone tissue is mineralized tissue of two types, cortical bone and cancellous bone. Other types of tissue found in bones include bone marrow, endosteum, periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage. In the human body at birth, approximately 300 bones are present. Many of these fuse together during development, leaving a total of 206 separate bones in the adult, not counting numerous small sesamoid bones. The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in the middle ear. The Greek word for bone is ὀστέον ("osteon"), hence the many terms that use it as a prefix—such as osteopathy. In anatomical terminology, including the Terminologia Anatomica international standard, the word for a bone is os (for example, os breve, os longum, os sesamoideum). Structure Bone is not uniformly solid, but consists of a flexible matrix (about 30%) and bound minerals (about 70%), which are intricately woven and continuously remodeled by a group of specialized bone cells. Their unique composition and design allows bones to be relatively hard and strong, while remaining lightweight. Bone matrix is 90 to 95% composed of elastic collagen fibers, also known as ossein, and the remainder is ground substance. The elasticity of collagen improves fracture resistance. The matrix is hardened by the binding of inorganic mineral salt, calcium phosphate, in a chemical arrangement known as bone mineral, a form of calcium apatite. It is the mineralization that gives bones rigidity. Bone is actively constructed and remodeled throughout life by special bone cells known as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Within any single bone, the tissue is woven into two main patterns, known as cortical and cancellous bone, each with a different appearance and characteristics. Cortex The hard outer layer of bones is composed of cortical bone, which is also called compact bone as it is much denser than cancellous bone. It forms the hard exterior (cortex) of bones. The cortical bone gives bone its smooth, white, and solid appearance, and accounts for 80% of the total bone mass of an adult human skeleton. It facilitates bone's main functions—to support the whole body, to protect organs, to provide levers for movement, and to store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium. It consists of multiple microscopic columns, each called an osteon or Haversian system. Each column is multiple layers of osteoblasts and osteocytes around a central canal called the osteonic canal. Volkmann's canals at right angles connect the osteons together. The columns are metabolically active, and as bone is reabsorbed and created the nature and location of the cells within the osteon will change. Cortical bone is covered by a periosteum on its outer surface, and an endosteum on its inner surface. The endosteum is the boundary between the cortical bone and the cancellous bone. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cortical bone is the osteon. Trabeculae Cancellous bone or spongy bone, also known as trabecular bone, is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone and is an open cell porous network that follows the material properties of biofoams. Cancellous bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio than cortical bone and it is less dense. This makes it weaker and more flexible. The greater surface area also makes it suitable for metabolic activities such as the exchange of calcium ions. Cancellous bone is typically found at the ends of long bones, near joints, and in the interior of vertebrae. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and often contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula. The trabeculae are aligned towards the mechanical load distribution that a bone experiences within long bones such as the femur. As far as short bones are concerned, trabecular alignment has been studied in the vertebral pedicle. Thin formations of osteoblasts covered in endosteum create an irregular network of spaces, known as trabeculae. Within these spaces are bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. Trabecular marrow is composed of a network of rod- and plate-like elements that make the overall organ lighter and allow room for blood vessels and marrow. Trabecular bone accounts for the remaining 20% of total bone mass but has nearly ten times the surface area of compact bone. The words cancellous and trabecular refer to the tiny lattice-shaped units (trabeculae) that form the tissue. It was first illustrated accurately in the engravings of Crisóstomo Martinez. Marrow Bone marrow, also known as myeloid tissue in red bone marrow, can be found in almost any bone that holds cancellous tissue. In newborns, all such bones are filled exclusively with red marrow or hematopoietic marrow, but as the child ages the hematopoietic fraction decreases in quantity and the fatty/ yellow fraction called marrow adipose tissue (MAT) increases in quantity. In adults, red marrow is mostly found in the bone marrow of the femur, the ribs, the vertebrae and pelvic bones. Vascular supply Bone receives about 10% of cardiac output. Blood enters the endosteum, flows through the marrow, and exits through small vessels in the cortex. In humans, blood oxygen tension in bone marrow is about 6.6%, compared to about 12% in arterial blood, and 5% in venous and capillary blood. Cells Bone is metabolically active tissue composed of several types of cells. These cells include osteoblasts, which are involved in the creation and mineralization of bone tissue, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, which are involved in the reabsorption of bone tissue. Osteoblasts and osteocytes are derived from osteoprogenitor cells, but osteoclasts are derived from the same cel.... Discover the James Bone popular books. Find the top 100 most popular James Bone books.
Best Seller James Bone Books of 2024
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Bones
Jennifer MclaganTop food stylist and food writer Jennifer McLagan has a bone to pick: too often, people opt for boneless chicken breasts, fish fillets, and cutlets, when good cooks know that anyth...
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Possession
Peter JamesA terrifying novel of a young man who is willing to defy everything. Even death...Fabian Hightower has been killed in a car crash. At least, that is what a policeman is asking Alex...
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Covenant
Dean CrawfordIT’S THE BIGGEST DISCOVERY IN HISTORY . . . BUT THERE ARE SOME THINGS MAN WAS NEVER MEANT TO KNOW. When archaeologist Lucy Morgan uncovers a seventhousandyearold tomb holding remai...
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Sweet Heart
Peter James'This book inflicts more shocks than an electric fence.' Daily MailCharley has a strange feeling when she sees the idyllic mill house with its cluster of outbuildings, the lake and...
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Beneath the Stairs
Jennifer FawcettIn this spinetingling, atmospheric “nailbiter of a novel” (Shelf Awareness), a woman returns to her hometown after her childhood friend attempts suicide at an alleged haunted house...
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The Silent Daughter
Emma ChristieIn the age of digital footprints, is it possible to disappear? And how long would it take to notice someone is missing?When his wife Maria is taken into hospital after a serious fa...
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Stars and Bones
Gareth L. PowellShortlisted for the BSFA Award, a stunningly inventive actionpacked sciencefiction epic adventure for fans of Becky Chambers and Ann Leckie from the multi BSFA awardwinner, Gareth ...
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Dreaming of the Bones
Deborah CrombieIt is the call Scotland Yard Superintendent Duncan Kincaid never expected and one he certainly doesn't want. Victoria, his exwife, who walked out without an explanation more than ...
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Narrowing the Field
A.P. McCoyMURDER, RIVALRY AND REVENGE...'Fast paced and unbeatable.' The LadyEverything seems to be going right for brilliant young jockey Duncan Claymore. A career on the up, a beautiful wi...
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Kingdom of Bones
James RollinsFrom #1 New York Times bestselling author James Rollins, the latest riveting, deeply imaginative thriller in the Sigma Force series, told with his trademark blend of cuttingedge sc...
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Heart of Stone
James W. ZiskinWINNER OF THE ANTHONY AWARD® for Best Paperback Original! WINNER OF THE MACAVITY SUE FEDER MEMORIAL AWARD for Best Historical Fiction! A 2017 EDGAR AWARD® NOMINEE! In the waning da...
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Wycliffe and Death in a Salubrious Place
W.J. BurleyOn the beautiful, tranquil Scilly Isles, a brutal murder is uncovered...There was no doubt at all that the girl was dead. The front of her skull and her facial bones had been splin...
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Host
Peter JamesHow far would you go to live forever?Brilliant scientist Joe Messenger believes that people can be made to live for ever. Knowing the human body can be frozen indefinitely, Joe dev...
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Wycliffe and the Guilt-Edged Alibi
W.J. BurleyA family feud leads to murder and Superintendent Wycliffe is on the case...Caroline Bryce came from the top of the social register in the tranquil town of Treen. So it was quite a...
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The Bone Labyrinth
James RollinsA war is coming, a battle that will stretch from the prehistoric forests of the ancient past to the cuttingedge research labs of today, all to reveal a true mystery buried deep wit...
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Prophecy
Peter JamesA game that turns to a nightmare ...Non Omnis MoriarI shall not altogether dieA young boy watches his mother die. A sadistic man dies in agony. Drunk students play with a Ouija boa...
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The Devil Himself
Peter FarrisFor Fans of Brian Panowich and Ron Rash. Southern Noir at its finest, The Devil Himself, sizzles with pageburning suspense and bewitching characters. Deep in the forest o...
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Denial
Beverley McLachlinCityLine Book Club Pick for SeptemberFrom the former Chief Justice of Canada and #1 bestselling author of Full Disclosure comes a taut new thriller starring toughasnails defense at...
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Under the Greenwood Tree
Thomas Hardy & Tim DolinThe arrival of two newcomers in the quiet village of Mellstock arouses a bitter feud and leaves a convoluted love affair in its wake. While the Reverend Maybold creates a furore am...
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Cold Grave
Craig Robertson'Robertson is doing for Glasgow what Rankin did for Edinburgh' Mirror1993. Scotland is in the grip of an icecold winter and the Lake of Menteith is frozen over. A young man and wom...
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Burn the Place
Iliana ReganNominated for the National Book Award, chef Iliana Regan’s debut memoir chronicles her journey from foraging on her family’s Midwestern farm to running her own Michelinstarred rest...
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Kitchen Bliss
Laura CalderJames Beard Foundation Award– and Taste Canada Award–winning author Laura Calder is back with Kitchen Bliss, a warm, funny, and pragmatic collection of stories and recipes that rev...
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Murder by Degrees
Ritu MukerjiAn Edgar Award Finalist for Best First Novel For fans of Jacqueline Winspear and Charles Todd, Murder by Degrees is a historical mystery set in 19thcentury Philadelphia, following ...
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Down to the Bone
Caitlin RotherNew York Times bestselling crime author take readers on a pageturning investigative examination of a multilayered and confounding nationally highprofile murder case. On February 15...
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Charco Harbour
Godfrey BlundenThe story of the legendary Captain James Cook.It is 1768. War has broken out in Europe and the British Admiralty wants a base in the Western Pacific.So Captain James Cook and a com...
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Washington Irving
Brian Jay JonesBrian Jay Jones crafts a deft biography of the author of “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip van Winkle”: quintessential New Yorker, presidential confidant, diplomat, lawyer, an...
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Wycliffe and the Dunes Mystery
W.J. BurleyA highprofile murder investigation for Wycliffe, in Cornwall's heartland.Cochran Wilder disappeared fifteen years ago while on a walking holiday in Cornwall. Recently released from...
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Black Privilege
Charlamagne Tha GodAn instant New York Times bestseller! Charlamagne Tha Godthe selfproclaimed “Prince of Pissing People Off,” cohost of Power 105.1’s The Breakfast Club, and “the most important voic...
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Eden in Winter
Richard North PattersonTwo months after the suspicious and muchpublicized death of his father on the island of Martha's Vineyard, it is taking all of Adam Blaine's character to suture the deep wounds bo...
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James Bone and the Italian Job
Bell FrankHello, the name's Bone, James Bone, and I'm just the dog to get you out of trouble. Me and my other canine friends are busy working behind the scenes on topsecret missions to keep ...
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Russian Black Magic
Natasha HelvinA rare look into the history, theory, and craft of the black mages and sorcerers of Russia Examines practical rituals and spells, the demonic pantheon, places of power, offerings ...
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Navigate Your Stars
Jesmyn WardA revelatory, uplifting, and gorgeously illustrated meditation on dedication, hard work, and the power of perseverance from the beloved, New York Times bestselling, and twotime Nat...
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The Handyman Method
Nick Cutter & Andrew F. SullivanA chilling domestic story of terror for fans of Black Mirror and The Amityville Horror.When a young family moves into an unfinished development community, cracks begin to emerge in...
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Ice Walker
James RaffanFrom bestselling author James Raffan comes an enlightening and original story about a polar bear’s precarious existence in the changing Arctic, reminiscent of John Vaillant’s The G...
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Dark Heir
C.S. Pacat & Anika Klüver»In einer Vergangenheit, an die du dich nicht erinnern kannst, gehörtest du mir.«Der magische Krieg gegen die Dunklen Kräfte ist noch nicht vorüber: Eine neue Gefahr erhebt sich, d...
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The Bone Readers
Jacob RossWINNER OF THE JHALAK PRIZE'The Bone Readers is a pageturner, but its insights and language are equally testament to a literary novel of impressive depth and acuity' GuardianSecrets...
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Lake of Bones
J. Robert Kennedy"James Acton: A little bit of Jack Bauer and Indiana Jones!" FROM USA TODAY & MULTIMILLION COPY BESTSELLING AUTHOR J. ROBERT KENNEDY WOULD YOU SACRIFICE EVERYTHING YOU HAVE EVE...
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A Room on the Route
Godfrey BlundenThis is the story of lives under the constant scrutiny of the N.K.V.D.Here is a monumental novel that shows how the fantastic Communist willtopower has led to the enslavement of th...
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How We Fight for Our Lives
Saeed JonesFrom awardwinning poet Saeed Jones, How We Fight for Our Liveswinner of the Kirkus Prize and the Stonewall Book Awardis a “moving, bracingly honest memoir” (The New York Times Book...
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Bones of the Lost
Kathy Reichs#1 New York Times bestselling author Kathy Reichs returns with her sixteenth riveting novel featuring forensic anthropologist Tempe Brennan, whose examination of a young girl kille...
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Battlefield 4
Peter GrimsdaleThe explosive, actionpacked prequel to EA's megaselling video game, BATTLEFIELD 4.It's 3am and 20 below zero on the ChineseNorth Korean border. Shanghaibased CIA operative Laszlo K...
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The Crypt Thief
Mark PryorIt’s summer in Paris and two tourists have been murdered in Père Lachaise cemetery in front of Jim Morrison’s grave. The cemetery is locked down and put under surveillance, but the...
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Head in the Game
Brandon SneedAn intriguing blend of science and sports that explores how some of the worlds greatest athletes are utilizing the last frontier of performanceenhancing technologythe mental mappin...