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Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni batˈtista enˈriːko anˈtɔːnjo maˈriːa monˈtiːni]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in August 1978. Succeeding John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council, which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms. He fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. In January 1964, he flew to Jordan, the first time a reigning pontiff had left Italy in more than a century. Montini served in the Holy See's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954, and along with Domenico Tardini was considered the closest and most influential advisor of Pope Pius XII. In 1954, Pius named Montini Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini later became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops' Conference. John XXIII elevated Montini to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after his death, Montini was, with little opposition, elected his successor, taking the name Paul VI. He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which had been suspended during the interregnum. After its conclusion, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, finely balancing the conflicting expectations of various Catholic groups. The resulting reforms were among the widest and deepest in the Chuch's history. Paul VI spoke repeatedly to Marian conventions and Mariological meetings, visited Marian shrines and issued three Marian encyclicals. Following Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. He described himself as a humble servant of a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes from the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His opposition to birth control in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae was strongly contested, especially in Western Europe and North America. The same opposition emerged in reaction to some of his political doctrines. Pope Benedict XVI, citing his heroic virtue, proclaimed him venerable on 20 December 2012. Pope Francis beatified Paul VI on 19 October 2014, after the recognition of a miracle attributed to his intercession. His liturgical feast was celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, until 2019 when it was changed to the date of his priestly ordination, 29 May. Pope Francis canonised him on 14 October 2018. Early life Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini was born in the village of Concesio, in the Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy, in 1897. His father, Giorgio Montini (1860–1943), was a lawyer, journalist, director of the Catholic Action, and member of the Italian Parliament. His mother, Giudetta Alghisi (1874–1943), was from a family of rural nobility. He had two brothers, Francesco Montini (1900–1971), who became a physician, and Lodovico Montini (1896–1990), who became a lawyer and politician. On 30 September 1897, he was baptised with the name Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini. He attended the Cesare Arici school, run by the Jesuits, and in 1916 received a diploma from the Arnaldo da Brescia public school in Brescia. His education was often interrupted by bouts of illness. In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Catholic priest. He was ordained on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Mass at the Santa Maria delle Grazie, Brescia. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in canon law in the same year. He later studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles. In 1922, at the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he never had an appointment as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian-inspired culture'. Vatican career Diplomatic service Montini had just one foreign posting in the diplomatic service of the Holy See as Secretary in the office of the papal nuncio to Poland in 1923. Of the nationalism he experienced there he wrote: "This form of nationalism treats foreigners as enemies, especially foreigners with whom one has common frontiers. Then one seeks the expansion of one's own country at the expense of the immediate neighbours. People grow up with a feeling of being hemmed in. Peace becomes a transient compromise between wars." He described his experience in Warsaw as "useful, though not always joyful". When he became pope, the Communist government of Poland refused him permission to visit Poland on a Marian pilgrimage. Roman Curia His organisational skills led him to a career in the Roman Curia, the papal civil service. On 19 October 1925, he was appointed a papal chamberlain in the rank of Supernumerary Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness. In 1931, Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli appointed him to teach history at the Pontifical Academy for Diplomats; he was promoted to Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 8 July of the same year. On 24 September 1936, he was appointed a Referendary Prelate of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. On 16 December 1937, after his mentor Giuseppe Pizzardo was named a cardinal and was succeeded by Domenico Tardini, Montini was named Substitute for Ordinary Affairs under Cardinal Pacelli, the Secretary of State. His immediate supervisor was Domenico Tardini, with whom he got along well. He was further appointed Consultor of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office and of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation on 24 December, and was promoted to Protonotary apostolic (ad instar participantium), the most senior class of papal prelate, on 10 May 1938. Pacelli became Pope Pius XII in 1939 and confirmed Montini's appointment as Substitute under the new Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione. In that role, roughly that of a chief of staff, he met the Pope every morning until 1954 and developed a rather close relationship with him. Of his service to two popes he wrote: It is true, my service to the Pope was not limited to the political or extraordinary affairs according to Vatican language. The goodness of Pope Pius XII opened to me the opportunity to look into the thoughts, even into the soul of this great pontiff. I could quote many details how Pius XII, always using measured and moderate speech, was hiding, nay revealing a noble position of great strength and fearless courage. When war broke out, Maglione, Tardini, and Montini were the principal figures in the Secretariat of State of the Holy See. Mo.... Discover the Paul Vi popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Paul Vi books.
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Paul VI
Michael CollinsPope Paul VI (196378) was one of the most important and influential pontiffs of the twentieth century. In this engaging biography, Michael Collins examines this deeply spiritual ma...
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Soulless
Rozlan Mohd NoorA death no one should suffer and an investigator who won’t give upfor fans of John Burdett, Ian Rankin, and Michael Connelly.Early morning in Jalan Alor, one of the city’s redlight...
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Is the New Mass of Pope Paul VI Invalid
Adam S. MillerAn indepth examination, critique, and refutation of arguments put forth by radical Catholic traditionalists who doubt or deny the validity of the New Rite of Mass promulgated by Po...
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Michael Vey 6
Richard Paul EvansMichael and his friends try to recruit Hatch’s Electric Youth to their side as the thrilling action continues in this electrifying sixth installment of the New York Times bestselli...
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In Search of Paul
John Dominic Crossan & Jonathan L ReedJohn Dominic Crossan, the eminent historical Jesus scholar, and Jonathan L. Reed, an expert in biblical archaeology, reveal through archaeology and textual scholarship that Paul, l...
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The Teeny-Tiny Woman
Paul GaldoneA droll rendition of the old English ghost story about the teenytiny woman who found a teenytiny bone in the teenytiny churchyard.
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The Platoon Commander
John O'Halloran & Ric TeagueJohn O'Halloran was a country boy from Tamworth, NSW, who was called up for national service not long after the start of the Vietnam War. As a tough and determined 21yearold, he gu...
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Eloise
Kay ThompsonEloise has been delighting readers for more than sixty yearsthough she’s still not a day over six. Celebrate with the original classic storybook that now comes with a CD narrated b...
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Unwoke
Ted CruzOur institutions have gone "woke." Everybody knows that. But nobody has come up with a way to stop it. Until now.In this hardhitting new book, Senator Ted Cruz delivers a realistic...
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The Boy Who Loved Math
Deborah HeiligmanMost people think of mathematicians as solitary, working away in isolation. And, it's true, many of them do. But Paul Erdos never followed the usual path. At the age of four, he co...
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If Animals Went to School
Ann Whitford PaulDon't miss the other books in this adorable series: If Animals Kissed Good Night, If Animals Said I Love You, If Animals Celebrated Christmas, and If Animals Gave Thanks!What if an...
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Puss in Boots
Paul Galdone & Joanna C. GaldoneWhen the miller's youngest son receives only Puss as his inheritance, he wonders how his father expects him to make a living with a single cat. But Puss is no ordinary feline...
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Deep Cover
Leslie JonesThe next actionpacked thriller from the author of Night Hush and Bait…On a secret assignment for MI5, British SAS soldier Trevor Carswell is deep undercover with The...
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Six-Minute Showstoppers
Sarah RaineyTreat the whole family with ridiculously quick, easy and aweinspiring desserts that anyone can rustle up in just SIX MINUTES'The queen of store cupboard baking' Huffington PostCrea...
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In The Footsteps Of Alexander The Great
Michael WoodMichael Wood retraces Alexander the Greats amazing journey from Greece to India, searching for the truth behind the legend and experiencing the tremendous scale of his achievements...
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Overpaid, Oversexed and Over There
David HepworthThe Beatles landing in New York in February 1964 was the opening shot in a cultural revolution nobody predicted. Suddenly the youth of the richest, most powerful nation on earth wa...
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Gratitude and Trust
Paul Williams & Tracey JacksonPaul Williams is an alcoholic.Tracey Jackson is not.But together, these two close friends have written Gratitude and Trust, a book designed to apply the principles of the recovery ...
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Paul VI
Yves ChironFollowing after brilliant authoritarian Pope Pius XII and goodhumored Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI seemed hesitant, anxious, even tormented. Yet the impact of his fifteenyearlong ...
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Nursery Classics
Paul GaldonePaul Galdone created hundreds of books in his lifetime. Many of his picture books quickly became accepted as the definitive version of traditional stories. Collected here are four ...
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The Wooden Horse
Eric Williams & Gregory A. FreemanAn epic adventurethe most brilliant escape and evasion from the Nazis ever written.Eric Williams, a Royal Air Force bomber captain, was shot down over Germany in 1942 and imprisone...
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Root of the Tudor Rose
Mari Griffith1421: Henry V and his young bride, Catherine de Valois, are blessed with the birth of a son but their happiness is shortlived. Catherine is widowed and when her father, the French...
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The Book of Freedom
Paul SeligThe third work in channeler Paul Selig's acclaimed Mastery Trilogy guides readers to the knowledge of their true selves."The crown jewel of the mastery trilogythe most important sp...
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A Fine Night For Dying
Jack HigginsA high seas adventure following superspy Paul Chavasse, this actionpacked novel of gangland violence was originally published under the pseudonym Martin J Fallon.When the body...
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Retribution
James BarringtonPaul Richter is back!An African prince is gunned down outside a London restaurant. But this is no ordinary assassination. Who is the third killer? Why was there no threat warning? ...
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Six Seasons
Joshua McFadden & Martha HolmbergWinner, James Beard Award for Best Book in VegetableFocused Cooking Named a Best Cookbook of the Year by the Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, Bon Appétit, Food Network Magazine, ...
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Eloise
Kay ThompsonEloise is a little girl who lives at The Plaza Hotel in New York. She is not yet pretty but she is already a Person. She is interested in people when they are not boring. If you ta...
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Saint Pope Paul VI
Matthew BunsonPope Paul VI was one of the most perceptive and visionary popes in the modern era, foreseeing not just the rise of secularism, but the negative effect it would have on the family a...
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Paul
N. T. WrightIn this definitive biography, renowned Bible scholar, Anglican bishop, and bestselling author N. T. Wright offers a radical look at the apostle Paul, illuminating the humanity and ...
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The History of Woman Suffrage
Various, Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Ida Husted HarperHistory of Woman Suffrage reflects the history of voting in the United States from its beginnings to the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. It is a comprehensive review of t...
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Six Impossible Things
John Gribbin“An elegant and accessible” investigation of quantum mechanics“highly recommended” for students of the sciences, scifi fans, and anyone interested in the strange world of quantum p...
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La messe de Paul VI
Philippe Béguerie & Jean-Noël BezançonDepuis cinquante ans, la réforme liturgique est le fruit le plus visible de Vatican II. Nous aimons la messe de Paul VI, l'unique eucharistie du Christ, la messe de toujours, céléb...
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Cat Goes Fiddle-i-Fee
Paul GaldoneAs a young boy spins a rhythmic yarn about the animals he feeds by yonder tree, a parade of baaing, quacking, and mooing farm animals gathers. When they all doze off, it’s the boy’...
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Paul VI
Luitpold A DornL’auteur, journaliste catholique accrédité auprès du Vatican, a beaucoup hésité à tracer un « portrait anecdotique » de Paul VI, « une personnalité trop sérieuse, tr...
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Paul VI
Anthony SymondsonTelling the life of the Pope who was beatified on October 19th 2014. During Pope Paul's papacy (19631978) more changes were introduced in the Catholic Church than in all previo...
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The Jury
Steve MartiniThe Attorney, which marked the return of Steve Martini's lawyersleuth Paul Madriani, was hailed for its "wellobserved courtroom maneuverings" (The Christian Science Monitor) and "c...
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The Elves and the Shoemaker
Paul GaldoneIn this faithful retelling of the classic Grimm Brothers tale, the illustrations capture the kindness of the shoemaker and the magic of the two elves who help him.
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Miss Paul and the President
Dean Robbins & Nancy Zhang"Robbins makes clear for a quite young audience through both main narration and endnote that there were very specific obstacles that had to be overcome to extend the vote to women,...