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Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, writer, and social commentator. He is best known for his influential works on history, literature, and social criticism. Carlyle's writings had a profound impact on his contemporaries and subsequent generations.
Carlyle was born on December 4, 1795, in Ecclefechan, Scotland. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, where he developed a keen interest in literature and philosophy. After completing his education, Carlyle worked as a private tutor and later as a teacher.
In the early years of his career, Carlyle wrote for various publications, including essays and reviews. However, he gained significant recognition with the publication of his book "The French Revolution: A History" in 1837. The book offered a detailed and often dramatic account of the French Revolution, emphasizing the role of influential individuals and heroes.
Carlyle's writing style was characterized by its intensity and vividness. He believed in the power of great individuals to shape history and society, a concept he referred to as "the Great Man theory." This theory held that history is determined by the actions of exceptional individuals who possess extraordinary qualities.
Carlyle's other notable works include "Sartor Resartus," a philosophical novel that explored the nature of truth and society, and "On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History," a series of lectures that further developed his ideas on the role of great individuals in history.
Throughout his career, Carlyle expressed his views on social and political issues. He criticized the industrialization and materialism of his time and advocated for a return to a more spiritual and moral society. His writings influenced many notable figures, including Mahatma Gandhi, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Friedrich Nietzsche.
In addition to his literary pursuits, Carlyle was involved in public affairs and served as an advisor to prominent figures, including British statesman Benjamin Disraeli. He also held a teaching position at the University of London.
Thomas Carlyle passed away on February 5, 1881, in London, England. His works continue to be studied and appreciated for their insights into history, society, and the human condition.

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