Joseph Smith Jr Brigham Young James E Ta Popular Books
Joseph Smith Jr Brigham Young James E Ta Biography & Facts
The Joseph Smith Papyri (JSP) are Egyptian funerary papyrus fragments from ancient Thebes dated between 300 and 100 BC which, along with four mummies, were once owned by Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Smith purchased the mummies and papyrus documents from a traveling exhibitor in Kirtland, Ohio in 1835. Smith said that the papyrus contained the records of the ancient patriarchs Abraham and Joseph. In 1842, Smith published the first part of the Book of Abraham, which he said was an inspired translation from the papyri. The consensus among both Mormon and non-Mormon scholars is that the characters on the surviving papyrus fragments do not match Smith's translation. A translation of the Book of Joseph was never published by Smith, but the scroll purported to be the untranslated Book of Joseph has been found to be a copy of the Egyptian Book of the Dead, a common funerary document, which contains no references to the biblical patriarch Joseph. After Smith's death, the papyri passed through several hands; they were presumed to have reached a museum in Chicago and subsequently destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire. Not all of the fragments were burned, however, and some were eventually acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1947. The museum knew the importance of the papyri to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and, in 1966, reached out to church leaders to notify them of their collection. The LDS Church acquired the fragments in 1967. The rediscovery of the papyri sparked renewed interest and scholarship. Due to the importance of the papyri to the Latter Day Saint movement, they have been heavily studied and debated. Contents There were four mummies, two rolls, and various other fragments of papyri purchased by Joseph Smith and his associates. Eyewitness accounts conflict on the gender of the mummies, indicating it was difficult to tell. Oliver Cowdery wrote: ...in connection with two of the bodies, were something rolled up with the same kind of linnen [sic], saturated with the same bitumen, which, when examined, proved to be two rolls of papyrus, previously mentioned. I may add that two or three other small pieces of papyrus, with astronomical calculations, epitaphs, etc were found with others of the Mummies. According to Cowdery, these two scrolls contained "the writings of Abraham and Joseph." W. W. Phelps, Joseph Smith's scribe in 1835, wrote in a letter to his wife: The last of June four Egyptian mummies were brought here; there were two papyrus rolls, besides some other ancient Egyptian writings with them. As no one could translate these writings, they were presented to President Smith. He soon knew what they were and said they, the 'rolls of papyrus,' contained the sacred record kept of Joseph in Pharaoh's Court in Egypt, and the teachings of Father Abraham. Because the collection was later sold and divided and parts of it were lost in the Great Chicago Fire, its exact contents are unknown. However, based on what is still in existence, it can be concluded that there were at least 5 separate funerary documents as shown in the following table: History Ancient origins All of the mummies and papyri date to the Ptolemaic Egypt period, from sometime between 300 and 100 BC in the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes, near modern-day Luxor. The bodies and papyri were interred west of ancient Thebes in the Theban Necropolis, probably in the valley of the nobles. A scroll from one of the mummies has been identified as belonging to an Egyptian priest named Horos, who came from an important family of Theban Priests of Amon-Re in the cult of "Min who massacres his enemies". His family tree can be reliably reconstructed from independent sources to eight generations. Discovery by Antonio Lebolo Antonio Lebolo, from the Piedmont region of modern Italy, had been a loyal follower of Napoleon, serving in his military and law enforcement. In the years following Napoleon's fall from power in 1815, Lebolo left his family and went to Egypt in order to escape the problems of Europe. He had a prominent friend, Bernardino Drovetti, who was also in Egypt for the same reason that gave him a job as his agent in Thebes. Lebolo stayed in Egypt from 1817–1822. Part of Lebolo's employment responsibilities were to undertake excavations of Egyptian antiquities to later sell. He led teams of sometimes hundreds of locals, digging throughout the Theban Necropolis, in the valley of the Kings, Queens and Nobles. Items that he excavated found their way into many modern collections, including major contributions to the Turin Museum and the Louvre. Sometime while he was there he excavated 11 mummies and accompanying papyri, from which came the Joseph Smith Papyri collection. It appears that Drovetti allowed Lebolo to personally excavate in the Valley of the Nobles, as this collection was personally maintained by Lebolo and not passed on to Drovetti. It is not known exactly which tomb they came from, however Theban tombs 32, 33, and 157 have been named as possible candidates. Theban tomb 33 is frequently visited by LDS tour groups, and often given as the place where they were excavated based on a description by Oliver Cowdery. However, this connection is highly speculative and disputed. Theban Tomb 32 is presented as a possibility based on Lebolo actually carving his name in the tunnel-passage, and the existence of other finds of his that probably came from this tomb. Before his death on the night of February 18–19, 1830, Lebolo sent the 11 mummies and papyri to Albano Oblasser of Trieste to sell them. The mummies were shipped to New York sometime between 1830 and 1833, where they ended up in the hands of Michael Chandler no later than March 1833. Chandler claimed multiple times to be the nephew of Lebolo; however, this is almost certainly untrue. All evidence suggests that Chandler was acting as an agent for an investment group in Philadelphia that had purchased the mummies. On tour in the North Eastern States Between April 1833 and June 1835, Michael Chandler toured the eastern United States, displaying and selling seven of the mummies as he went along. In April 1833, he displayed them first at the masonic hall and then the arcade in Philadelphia. His display attracted large crowds wherever he went. The first complete mummy ever displayed to the public in the United States arrived just ten years earlier in 1823, and had set off a mania in the United States for mummies and Egypt. Chandler's exhibit of eleven mummies was the largest ever up to that point in the United States. While Chandler was in Philadelphia, a doctor named W. E. Horner gathered six other doctors and gave Chandler an unsolicited endorsement of his collection: Having examined with considerable attention and deep interest, a number of Mummies from the catacombs, near Thebes, in Egypt, and now exhibited in the Arcade, we beg leave to recommend them to the observation.... Discover the Joseph Smith Jr Brigham Young James E Ta popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Joseph Smith Jr Brigham Young James E Ta books.
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Inception of Gold
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My Paper Heart
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Good Guy
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Hot Off the Press
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Wuthering Heights
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Silenced Girls
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The Seduction Series Boxset
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Think and Grow Rich
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Assisting the Bosshole
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Awaken Me
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All Fired Up
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Teach Me
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Peace on Earth
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The Odyssey
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Never Enough
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Rogue Alpha
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You Are Kind
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The Count of Monte Cristo
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The Scarlet Letter
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His Girl Next Door
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Hard Love
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Enemies With Benefits
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Dream Psychology
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Eternal
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Holy Bible
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The Cupcake Cottage
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Saltwater Cove
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Once Upon A One-Night Stand
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Law of Attraction
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How to Choose a Guy in 10 Days
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Death at Hazel House
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Nothing to Hide
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Coffee Girl
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The Four Loves
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Little Women
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The Art of War
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The Target
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The Stoic Mind
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Always Yours
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Salvation
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The Honeymoon Homicide
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The Three Little Pigs
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The Great Gatsby
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Becoming Lady Dalton
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Christmas in Sweetbriar Cove
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A Christmas Carol
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Teased by Fire
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The Holy Bible - King James Version
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