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The local city governments of Makati and Taguig of the Philippines were involved in a territorial dispute. The cities claimed jurisdiction over Fort Bonifacio, which includes the financial district of Bonifacio Global City (BGC) and Enlisted Men’s Barrios (Embo) barangays. Taguig has administration over Bonifacio Global City and some territory to its south as part of its Fort Bonifacio barangay. In addition, Pinagsama exercises control over the McKinley Hill area and Palar Village, while Barangay Ususan controls some exclaves along Circumferential Road 5 (C-5), such as Logcom Village, Wildcat Village, and Aranai. Makati claims the main Bonifacio Global City area, Bonifacio Capital District that includes McKinley Hill, Manila American Cemetery, the lands along C-5, and most parts of Palar Village and Fort Andres Bonifacio to be under the jurisdiction of its barangays, Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside, while Ususan's exclaves along the eastbound portion of C-5 are also claimed by Barangays Rizal and Pembo. Pateros also claims to control the Embo barangays of Makati and some barangays in Taguig. Pateros's claim includes Bonifacio Global City. However, the legal case it filed is separate from the case involving Makati and Taguig. In 2023, the Supreme Court ruled with finality that Taguig has jurisdiction over Fort Bonifacio and the Embo barangays. The Embo barangays were now transferred and ceded to Taguig. However, dispute regarding the ownership and management of Makati-developed assets in the Embo barangays, especially public schools and health facilities, still persists. Taguig claims the land on which the Makati-developed property sits on the grounds of "(Makati's) unlawful possession". Background The claims of Makati and Taguig over Fort Bonifacio and the surrounding Enlisted Men’s Barrios (Embo) barangays are deeply linked with historical events, land acquisitions, and legal proclamations, forming the basis of a complex territorial dispute. Makati's claim is based on land ownership records indicating that the disputed areas and Fort William McKinley (now Fort Andres Bonifacio) were not under Taguig's jurisdiction, along with legal proclamations and various official documents such as censuses since 1918, elections since 1975, cadastral mappings, and presidential decrees. Furthermore, a directory of Rizal province, which encompassed Makati and Taguig (Tagig) at that time, showed that those areas are part of Makati as of 1934.: 79  On the other hand, Taguig's claim traces its existence since being a pueblo of the province of Tondo (later Manila) during the Spanish colonial rule, with legislative acts in the early 1900s enacted to revise its territory, including the annexation of the adjacent municipalities of Pateros (which also had claims on the disputed area) and Muntinlupa. It is also underscored by the establishment of Fort William McKinley within Taguig's territory, as confirmed by presidential proclamations and cadastral mappings. Key documents such as the Proclamation No. 423 of 1957 and cadastral mappings exclude the disputed areas, reinforcing Taguig's territorial claim over Fort Bonifacio. On November 22, 1993, Taguig filed a complaint before the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Pasig against Makati, Executive Secretary Teofisto Guingona Jr., Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Secretary Angel Alcala, and Lands Management Bureau (LMB) Director Abelardo Palad Jr. The complaint arose from Taguig's territorial dispute with Makati over the entirety of Fort Bonifacio and the Enlisted Men's Barangays (EMBOs). Taguig averred that these areas were within its territory and jurisdiction. It also alleged that Presidential Proclamation Nos. 2475, s. 1986 and 518, s. 1990 were unconstitutional because they altered Taguig's boundaries without the required plebiscite. The trial court also imposed a 20-day temporary restraining order (TRO) against Makati, Alcala, and Palad. Supreme Court The City of Makati seeks to nullify Special Patent Nos. 3595 and 3596 signed by President Fidel V. Ramos in 1995, which places parts of Fort Bonifacio under the jurisdiction of the City of Taguig. The suit of the City of Makati was dismissed on June 27, 2008, through Associate Justice Leonardo Quisumbing. Due to a pending civil case filed by the Taguig City Government asking the court to define its territorial boundaries, the City of Makati cannot halt Taguig from collecting taxes on land located in Fort Bonifacio because it does not have any other source of sufficient income. 2011 ruling On 2011, The Pasig Regional Trial Court upheld that the entire Fort Bonifacio Military Reservation (including the Embo barangays), consisting of Parcels 3 and 4, Psu-2031, is part of the territory of the City of Taguig. It ordered the City of Makati to refrain exercising jurisdiction, making improvements on, and from treating as part of its territory the Fort Bonifacio Miliary Reservation. Further rulings and appeals The City of Makati appealed the 2011 Pasig RTC ruling to the Court of Appeals. On August 5, 2013, after a year and a half of deliberations, it was decided in a 37-page decision written by Justice Marlene Gonzales-Sison of the Court of Appeals that the jurisdiction over Fort Bonifacio has reverted to Makati from Taguig. The court upheld the constitutionality of Presidential Proclamation Nos. 2475 and 518, both of which confirmed that portions of the aforementioned military camps are under the jurisdiction of Makati. The decision also cited the fact that voters from the barangays that are subject to the dispute between Makati and Taguig have long been registered as voters of Makati, thus bolstering the former's jurisdiction over Fort Bonifacio. Taguig Mayor Lani Cayetano, however, maintained that this decision was not yet final and executory, and asked Justice Gonzales-Sison to recuse herself from the case as it was discovered that her family has close ties with the Binays of Makati. On August 22, 2013, the Taguig city government filed a motion for reconsideration before the Court of Appeals' Sixth Division, affirming its claim on Fort Bonifacio. With the filing of the motion, Taguig asserted jurisdiction over Fort Bonifacio. According to Taguig's legal department, jurisprudence, and the rules of procedure in the country's justice system, all say that the filing of a motion for reconsideration suspends the execution of a decision and puts it in limbo. On June 15, 2016, in a 27-page decision by the Second Division of the Supreme Court, the court found Makati guilty of direct contempt for forum shopping. On October 3, 2017, the Court of Appeals upheld its final decision in favor of the city government of Taguig and not Makati. The Supreme Court also found Makati guilty of forum shopping after simultaneously appealing the Pasig Regional Trial Court (RTC) ruling and filing a petition before the Court of Appeals, both seeking the same relief. However, Makati mai.... 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