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The American musician Taylor Swift has influenced popular culture with her music, artistry, performances, image, politics, beliefs and actions, collectively referred to as the Taylor Swift effect by publications. Debuting as a 16-year-old independent singer-songwriter in 2006, Swift steadily amassed fame, success, and public curiosity in her career, becoming a monocultural figure. One of the most prominent celebrities of the 21st century, Swift is recognized for her versatile musicality, songwriting prowess, and business acuity that have inspired artists and entrepreneurs worldwide. She began in country music, ventured into pop, and explored alternative rock, indie folk and electronic styles, blurring music genre boundaries. Critics describe her as a cultural quintessence wielding a rare combination of chart success, critical acclaim, and intense fan support, resulting in her wide impact on and beyond the music industry. From the end of the album era to the rise of the Internet, Swift has driven the evolution of music distribution, perception, and consumption across the 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s, and has used social media to spotlight issues within the industry and society at large. Having forged a strong economic and political leverage, she prompted reforms to recording, streaming, and distribution structures for greater artists' rights, increased awareness of creative ownership in terms of masters and intellectual property, and has led the vinyl revival. Her consistent commercial success is considered unprecedented by journalists, with simultaneous achievements in album sales, digital sales, streaming, airplay, vinyl sales, record charts, and touring. Bloomberg Businessweek stated she is "The Music Industry", one of her many honorific sobriquets. According to Billboard, Swift is "an advocate, a style icon, a marketing wiz, a prolific songwriter, a pusher of visual boundaries and a record-breaking road warrior". Swift is a subject of academic research, media studies, and cultural analysis, generally focused on concepts of poptimism, feminism, capitalism, internet culture, celebrity culture, consumerism, Americanism, post-postmodernism, and other sociomusicological phenomena. Several academic institutions offer courses on her. Scholars have variably attributed Swift's dominant cultural presence to her musical sensibility, artistic integrity, global engagement, intergenerational appeal, public image, and marketing acumen. Several authors have used the adjective "Swiftian" to describe works reminiscent or derivative of Swift. Fame and stardom Taylor Swift is one of the highest selling music artists of all time. She is the richest female musician and the first billionaire in history with music as the main source of income (US$1,100,000,000, as of 2023). She has released 11 studio albums and four re-recorded albums, supported by a number of singles, apart from her non-album songs and collaborations. All of her albums were commercially lucrative and positively received by music critics. Billboard noted that only a handful of artists have had Swift's trifecta of chart success, critical acclaim, and fan support, resulting in her widespread impact. Several publications note Swift's popularity and longevity as the kind of "ceaseless" fame and "global influence" unseen since the 20th century. To CNN, Swift began the 2010s decade as a country star and ended it as an "all-time musical titan". New York's Jody Rosen and Chicago Tribune's Steve Chapman called Swift the world's biggest pop star and music star, respectively, leaving her peers "vying for second place" as per Rosen. Elle and Fortune have described Swift as "pop megastar at celestial echelons" and "the world's greatest female leader", respectively. Cultural presence Journalists describe Swift as a cultural touchstone. The Guardian columnist Greg Jericho dubbed Swift a "cultural vitality" whose consistent popularity, accentuated by the era of internet, surpassed that of the Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, David Bowie, Bruce Springsteen and U2, all of whom had a short-lived commercial and critical prime, whereas Swift continued to find success in the 18th year of her career with her tenth studio album, Midnights (2022). Jericho stated that only Drake, Kanye West and Beyoncé could compete with Swift in terms of popularity, while deeming Swift the most popular female artist of the 21st century; Drake mentioned Swift in his 2023 song "Red Button", with lyrics "Taylor Swift the only nigga that I ever rated / Only one could make me drop the album just a little later". Chris Molanphy of Slate stated that Swift's career has lasted longer than that of the Beatles, breaking the band's once-deemed "unbeatable" records. Multiple journalists have compared her fame to that of Michael Jackson or Madonna. The New York Times author Ben Sisario felt Swift's cultural dominance competes with Jackson and Madonna in the 1980s, calling it something the "entertainment business had largely accepted as impossible to replicate in the fragmented 21st century." Many critics, including Sam Lansky of Time, consider Swift one of the last monocultural entities in the world. Within celebrity culture, Swift's music, life, and image are points of attention. Swift became a teen idol upon the release of her eponymous debut studio album in 2006, and has since become a dominant figure in popular culture, often referred to as a pop icon or diva. Gayle Pamerleau of the University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg credited globalization for Swift's fame and called her a social contagion benefitting "from existing in a time of 24-hour, global connectedness, when everybody knows what everyone else is thinking and doing." The Ringer's Kate Knibbs called Swift inescapable as her music saturates "deep into the tissue of contemporary public life whether we like it or not." Hence, Swift's career choices result in reforms in the music industry. In a 2016 article, Billboard opined that despite having had only a decade-old career, Swift had shown an "undeniable" cultural impact. Kirsty Fairclough of the University of Salford dubbed Swift "the center of the cultural universe." Billboard journalists felt that "her presence in popular music is the same as popular music itself. She's firing on all cylinders, across multiple mediums and eras, and has zero peers on her level", whereas News.com.au asserted "there hasn't probably been anyone on the planet as culturally significant as Swift ever." Writing for CNN, Scottie Andrew felt that "whenever there's a lull in the cultural discourse", Swift becomes the topic of focus. Billie Schwab Dunn of Newsweek remarked, "Swift has dominated the marketplace, a large portion of the cultural zeitgeist and media attention like no other artist before her". Kyle Chayka of The New Yorker felt Swift is a heroic figure like Napoleon and Julius Caesar, all of whom are "agents of the world-spirit" and symbolic of their respective periods in time. Time.... Discover the Charlotte Bronte Rmb popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Charlotte Bronte Rmb books.