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The COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case in Turkey was recorded on 11 March, when a local returned home from a trip to Europe. The first death due to COVID-19 in the country occurred on 15 March. Turkey stood out from the rest of Europe by not ordering a legal lockdown until April 2021, when the country enacted its first nationwide restrictions. The government kept many businesses open, and allowed companies to set their own guidelines for workers. The Turkish health system has the highest number of intensive care units in the world at 46.5 beds per 100,000 people (compared to 9.6 in Greece, 11.6 in France, and 12.6 in Italy). As of 3 May 2021, Turkey's observed case-fatality rate stood at 0.84%, the 148th highest rate globally. This low case-fatality rate has generated various explanations, including the relative rarity of nursing homes, favorable demographics, a long legacy of contact tracing, the high number of intensive care units, universal health care, and a lockdown regime that led to a higher proportion of positive cases among working-age adults. But according to an August 2020 academic study by The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, the government of Turkey has been underreporting COVID-19 statistics. On 30 September 2020, Turkish Minister of Health Fahrettin Koca acknowledged that since 29 July, the reported number of cases was limited to symptomatic cases that required monitoring, which was met with rebuke by the Turkish Medical Association. This practice ended on 25 November, when the ministry started to report asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases alongside symptomatic ones. Background On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019. The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll. Timeline January 2020 On 10 January 2020, ignoring China's insistence on the lack of evidence for human-to-human transmission, Ministry of Health experts stated that they suspected that SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted among people, and accordingly set up the Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board. 26 experts in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology originally comprised the Coronavirus Advisory Board, which was subsequently enlarged to include five additional experts in intensive care medicine, internal medicine, and virology. The board put forward voluntary recommendations while the government issued legal restrictions for businesses and public gatherings. On 24 January, Turkey's health ministry installed medical stations nationwide to measure the body temperature of passersby and set up free hand sanitizer stations across public transportation hubs. February 2020 On 1 February, Turkey announced its decision to stop all flights from China. After Iranian authorities downplayed the spread of SARS‑CoV‑2, Turkey castigated Iran for its duplicity and laxity and unilaterally closed its border on 23 February. On the same day, Turkey announced its decision to stop all flights to and from Iran. On 29 February, Turkey announced the termination of all flights to and from Italy, South Korea and Iraq. March 2020: First confirmed case, closures, and cancellations Turkish cities carried out massive disinfection work in public places and mass transit vehicles. In Istanbul, hand sanitizers were installed at metrobus stations. On 11 March 2020, the day the first known coronavirus case in Turkey was announced, the Ministry of Health created a website to track COVID-19 cases, monitor hot spots, enable people to report places selling fake PPE, and report hospital wait times. The next day, the Ministry of National Education announced that except for schools catering to students with special needs, all schools in Turkey would close on 16 March. Given the intense learning needs of students with disabilities, the Ministry of National Education announced that elementary-, middle-, and high-school students with special needs would continue to attend school in person in fixed small groups, with adults rotating into the class, so as to facilitate contact tracing. The ministry subsequently announced that teachers and staff in schools for students with special needs could opt out of in-person teaching if they or their families had a health risk. Minister Koca updated the number of infected people as four on 13 March, including a pilgrim who had returned from Saudi Arabia. Following the updated tally, Turkey extended the flight ban to include many European countries, including Austria, France, and Germany. On 16 March, Minister of the Interior Soylu ordered businesses and places of worship to halt indoor activities. With that announcement, more than 80 million people in Turkey started to live under some form of restriction to their movements when trains and public transit came to a halt nationwide. On 20 March, Ministry of Health issued a decree that designated as "pandemic hospitals" all hospitals that employed at least two specialist doctors in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, pulmonology, and internal diseases, and had level-3 adult ICU beds. At the same time, Turkey started to open drive-through screening clinics, based on the South Korean-pioneered model, which allows testing at no cost, while avoiding nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2. On 21 March, Soylu announced a total curfew, effective midnight on 22 March, for those over age 65 or whose immune system was compromised by "chronic pulmonary diseases, asthma, COPD, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, hypertension, and liver disease." On 23 March, Koca announced that the Ministry of Health authorized the Japanese anti-flu drug Favipiravir for emergency use, after early data disclosed by China's Science and Technology Minister Wang Zhigang showed that the drug shortened COVID-19 patients' recovery time. On 31 March, after consulting with trade unions spearheaded by TÜRK-İŞ and DİSK, the government launched a paycheck protection program that helped small businesses keep employees on their books. Trade unions criticized this plan for not directly subsidizing employment, which would have required businesses to keep workers employed. On the same day, the government unveiled further emergency measures, including a moratorium on evictions, a stay on all debt, seizure (except for alimony and child support), and bankruptcy proceedings until 31 December. April 2020: Restrictions continue On 2 April, the Istanbul Medical Chamber expressed concern about the Ministry of Health's tally, which included only cases confirmed by reverse-transcription pol.... Discover the Hpms Lower Elementary popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Hpms Lower Elementary books.