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The gender gap in Pakistan refers to the differences between men and women in Pakistan in terms of social, political, and economic participation and rights. The gender gap uses the gender ratio of Pakistan to compare the disparities between men and women in different fields, which mainly disadvantage women. According to the Global Gender Gap Index 2022, Pakistan ranks second to last in terms of the Gender Gap, with only 56.4% of its gender gap closed, a 0.8 percentage point increase from 2021. By percentage, men form about 51.46% and women form about 48.54% of the total population of Pakistan. The sex ratio of Pakistan is 106.010, that means there are about 106 men for every 100 women in Pakistan.  The gender gap in Pakistan includes comparisons of gender differences in health, educational, legal, economical, and political aspects. Demographic disparity General population gap Provisional results from the 2017 6th Population & Housing Census indicated that Pakistan had 106,449,322 men, 101,314,780 women, and 10,418 transgender people. By percentage, men form 51%, women 48.76%, and transgender people 0.24% of the total population of Pakistan. The male-female sex ratio of Pakistan is 105.07, which means there are 105 men for 100 women in Pakistan. According to 2018 estimates by the World Bank, women constitute 48.54% of the Pakistani population. Population gap by age group By 2018 estimates, the sex ratio at birth stands at 1.05 males born for every female. It peaks at 1.08 males/female for the 25–54 years age group and reaches its lowest point at 0.87 males/female for the 65+ years age group. Population gap by location There is a gender gap in the demographics of rural versus urban populations as documented by the 2017 census. There are a total of 67,300,171 males vs 64,886,593 females (ratio: 1.03) in rural areas whereas there are 39,149,151 males vs 36,428,187 females (ratio: 1.07) in urban areas. The provinces/territories with the greatest noted disparity include Balochistan (sex ratio: 1.10) and Islamabad (sex ratio: 1.11). Infanticide, sex-selective abortion & neonatal abandonment There is a documented practice of female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, and abandonment of newborn female children in Pakistan. According to the Edhi Foundation, 1210 female babies were killed in Pakistan in 2010 while an estimated 200 pregnancies were aborted on the basis of female sex and up to 90% of babies abandoned to the care of the Edhi Foundation were female. Later reports confirmed a continuing rise in the number of female infanticides. According to Bongaarts, Pakistan has the fifth highest Sex Ratio at Last Birth (SLRB), which may indicate a high rate of sex-selective abortions. Health disparity Childhood mortality According to the Filmer & King, a female child in India or Pakistan has a 30-50% higher chance of dying between the first and fifth years of life. This difference may be attributable to poor nutrition, lack of preventive care and delays in seeking medical care. Healthcare utilization In line with patterns observed across South Asia, men in Pakistan play a decision-making role in women's access to healthcare including their utilization of healthcare services in the event of an emergency. Cultural barriers also include restrictions on women's mobility when unaccompanied by men. Education Educational disparity With more than 22.8 million children between the ages of 5-16 not in school, Pakistan has the second highest number of children who do not receive a formal education. This lack of education for children in Pakistan, while affecting all children, is more pronounced for girls as they face higher rates of dropping out of school and being illiterate, creating a gender gap. Out of 146 countries, Pakistan ranks 135 in regard to the gender gap in educational attainment. Only 45.8% of the female population is literate compared to 69.5% of the male population, according to 2015 estimates. Additionally, 59% of girls, compared to 49% of boys, no longer go to school by the time they reach the sixth grade. The school life expectancy (number of years of education from primary to tertiary) of female children is 8 years versus 9 years for male children. According to 2018 data from UNESCO, the net enrollment in primary education is 61.61% for female children whereas it is 73.37% for male children. While the country of Pakistan has low educational numbers, the gender gap present in education also differs by location, as certain areas hold higher differences in educational attainment and enrollment between girls and boys than others. In rural areas, which compromise about 68% of the population of the country, the number of boys enrolled is about 1.5 times more than the number of enrolled girls, with 11.5 million boys and 7.6 million girls. In urban areas, the number of students enrolled is significantly less with the number of boys enrolled being 1.1 times bigger than the number of girls, with 7.5 million boys in school and 6.5 million girls. In areas with poor school enrollment such as Balochistan, a majority of women never attended school, approximately 70%, while less than half, 40%, of men never enrolled. Reasons for Educational Gender Inequality There are multiple factors that contribute to the large gender gap in educational attainment in Pakistan. Poverty is a prominent issue in Pakistan, with 3 million more people expected to live in poverty since 2018, with about 22% of the population living below the poverty line. As a result of the poverty issue in Pakistan, many parents, especially in rural areas where poverty is more prominent, could not afford to send their child to school as primary education was not free. However, in an attempt to increase educational enrollment the government made education free and compulsory from ages 5 to 16. While this did increase the number of young children attending school, the costs of uniforms, transportation, as well as school supplies still proved a barrier in poor areas and the government did not enforce the compulsory aspect of primary education. Additionally, the government has a low education budget, only spending around 2% of its total GDP. Due to this low investment in education, there is often a shortage of government schools and thus limited access to education. Furthermore, as a result of this shortage, many schools have too many children and this can disincentivize parents from sending their children to school. Therefore, many poor families do not, or can not, send their children, particularly daughters, to get educated as they do not have the means to do so. This lack of enrollment in education, while affecting both boys and girls has a more prominent effect on young girls due to social culture and social norms. Pakistan is a patriarchal country where many traditional social norms and standards exist. As a result of this, many women are often seen and taught to be in charge of the private sphere as.... Discover the Rachel B Vogelstein Meighan Stone popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Rachel B Vogelstein Meighan Stone books.