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The 1619 Project is a long-form journalism endeavor that became a leading subject of the American history wars. The 1619 Project is a revisionist historiographical work that takes a critical view of traditionally revered figures and events in American history, including the Patriots in the American Revolution, the Founding Fathers, along with Abraham Lincoln and the Union during the Civil War. It was developed by Nikole Hannah-Jones, writers from The New York Times, and The New York Times Magazine. It focused on subjects of slavery and the founding of the United States. The first publication from the project was in The New York Times Magazine of August 2019. The project developed an educational curriculum, supported by the Pulitzer Center, later accompanied by a broadsheet article, live events, and a podcast. The 1619 Project has received criticism from historians, both from the political left and the right, who question its historical accuracy. In a letter published in The New York Times in December 2019, historians Gordon S. Wood, James M. McPherson, Sean Wilentz, Victoria E. Bynum, and James Oakes applauded "all efforts to address the enduring centrality of slavery and racism to our history" and deemed the project a "praiseworthy and urgent public service," but expressed "strong reservations" about some "important aspects" of the project and requested factual corrections. These scholars denied the project's claim that slavery was essential to the beginning of the American Revolution. In response, Jake Silverstein, the editor of The New York Times Magazine, defended The 1619 Project and refused to issue corrections. On May 4, 2020, the Pulitzer Prize board announced that it was awarding the 2020 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary to Hannah-Jones for her introductory essay. In March 2020, in light of persistent criticism of the project's portrayal of the role of slavery, including from one of its own consulting historians, Leslie M. Harris, The New York Times issued a "clarification", modifying one of the passages on slavery's role that had sparked controversy. In September 2020, controversy again arose when the Times updated the opening text of the project website to remove the phrase "...understanding 1619 as our true founding..." without any accompanying editorial note to point to what was being redone. Critics — including the Times' own Bret Stephens — claimed the differences showed that the newspaper was backing away from some of the initiative's controversial claims. The Times defended its practices, with Hannah-Jones saying that most of the project's content had remained unchanged. In 2020, The New York Times premiered a dedicated podcast series. In 2021, a book anthology of essays and poetry The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story was published, as well as a children's picture book The 1619 Project: Born on the Water by Hannah-Jones and Renée Watson. In January 2023, Hulu premiered a six-part documentary TV series created by Hannah-Jones and The New York Times Magazine. This series won an Emmy for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series at the 75th Creative Arts Emmy Awards. Background The 1619 Project was launched in August 2019 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in the British colony of Virginia. In 1619, a group of "twenty and odd" captive Africans arrived in the Virginia Colony. An English privateer operating under a Dutch letter of marque, White Lion, carried 20–30 Africans who had been captured in joint African-Portuguese raids against the Kingdom of Ndongo in modern-day Angola, making its landing at Point Comfort in the English colony of Virginia. Although the project places this moment in the context of slavery in the colonial history of the United States, some critics have taken issue. The first enslaved Africans were brought to North America in 1526, and European enslavement of Native Americans has been documented as far back as Columbus in 1493–94. (There is also some evidence for free Africans from Spain among Christopher Columbus' crew.) Project The project dedicated an issue of the magazine to a re-examination of the legacy of slavery in America, at the anniversary of the 1619 arrival of the first enslaved people to Virginia. This framing challenges the idea that American history began with the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, which created the United States, or with the arrival of the Pilgrims in 1620. The project quickly grew into a larger endeavor, encompassing multiple issues of the magazine, with related materials in other Times publications, as well as a school curriculum developed in collaboration with the Pulitzer Center. With support from the Smithsonian, the project recruited a panel of historians to research, develop, and fact-check content. The project was envisioned with the condition that almost all of the content would be from African-American contributors, deeming the perspective of Black writers an essential element of the story to be told. August 18, 2019, magazine issue The first edition appeared in a 100-page issue of The New York Times Magazine on August 18, 2019. It included ten written essays, a photo essay, and a collection of poems and fiction, with an introduction by editor-in-chief Jake Silverstein, as follows: "Our Democracy's Founding Ideals Were False When They Were Written. Black Americans Have Fought to Make Them True", essay by Nikole Hannah-Jones "American Capitalism Is Brutal. You Can Trace That to the Plantation", essay by Matthew Desmond "How False Beliefs in Physical Racial Difference Still Live in Medicine Today", essay by Linda Villarosa "What the Reactionary Politics of 2019 Owe to the Politics of Slavery", essay by Jamelle Bouie "Why Is Everyone Always Stealing Black Music?", essay by Wesley Morris "How Segregation Caused Your Traffic Jam", essay by Kevin M. Kruse "Why Doesn't America Have Universal Healthcare? One Word: Race", essay by Jeneen Interlandi "Why American Prisons Owe Their Cruelty to Slavery", essay by Bryan Stevenson "The Barbaric History of Sugar in America", essay by Khalil Gibran Muhammad "How America's Vast Racial Wealth Gap Grew: By Plunder", essay by Trymaine Lee "Their Ancestors Were Enslaved by Law. Now They're Lawyers", photo essay by Djeneba Aduayom, with text from Nikole Hannah-Jones and Wadzanai Mhute "A New Literary Timeline of African-American History", a collection of original poems and stories Clint Smith on the Middle Passage Yusef Komunyakaa on Crispus Attucks Eve L. Ewing on Phillis Wheatley Reginald Dwayne Betts on the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 Barry Jenkins on Gabriel's Rebellion Jesmyn Ward on the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves Tyehimba Jess on Black Seminoles Darryl Pinckney on the Emancipation Proclamation ZZ Packer on the New Orleans massacre of 1866 Yaa Gyasi on the Tuskegee syphilis experiment Jacqueline Woodson on Sgt. Isaac Woodard Joshua Bennett on the Black Panther Party Lynn .... Discover the Timothy Sandefur popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Timothy Sandefur books.