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Lazar Jovanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Лазар Јовановић, fl. 1835–1853) was a Bosnian Serb manuscript writer from the first half of the 19th century. He worked as a teacher at Serb elementary schools in Tešanj and Tuzla, in the north-east of the Ottoman province of Bosnia. He wrote, illuminated and bound two books in 1841 and 1842. The first book was commissioned by Serb members of the guild of goldsmiths in Sarajevo. It contains a collection of advice to be presented to journeymen on the ceremony of their promotion to master craftsmen. His second book contains a version of the apocryphal epistle known as the Epistle of Christ from Heaven. Although Jovanović states that he writes in Slavonic-Serbian (a literary language blending Church Slavonic, vernacular Serbian and Russian elements), the language of his books is basically vernacular Serbian of the Ijekavian accent. He follows traditional Church Slavonic orthography, rather than the reformed Serbian Cyrillic introduced in 1818. Life and work Lazar Jovanović was born in the village of Plakalovići in the district of Vlasenica, in the east of the Ottoman province of Bosnia. His original family name was Plakalović, which he later changed to Jovanović after his father's name, Jovan. He was in Sarajevo in the service of the Orthodox Metropolitan of Dabar-Bosna Venijamin at latest until 1834. He probably went to school while in Sarajevo, and his job at the metropolitan residence was to prepare coffee. By 1835 Jovanović had taken the teaching position at the Serb elementary school in Tešanj; he is the first known teacher of this school. While the majority population of Tešanj were Muslims, it had a Serb quarter (Srpska varoš) that developed in the 18th century. Wealthy Serb merchants living in it financially supported the school and the Orthodox church in the town. Sometime between 1843 and 1847, he went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem and consequently prefixed the title Hadži to his name. During that period he also moved to Tuzla, the main city in north-eastern Bosnia. Beside being a teacher at the Serb school there, he was also employed by a pasha as his personal physician. Many of the physicians recorded in the retinues of Ottoman dignitaries in Bosnia had a questionable level of medical education; they hailed from various countries and regions. Jovanović created his first known manuscript work in 1839. It was a čitulja, an obituary booklet containing names of deceased members of a family to be mentioned by a priest at church services. By 1843 he had written, bound and modestly illuminated five such booklets, ordered by people from Tešanj, his home village and two neighbouring villages. Three of them were kept at the Lomnica Monastery, located near his home village. He also rebound three old liturgical books from this monastery (in 1840 and 1847), a book from the Ozren Monastery (in 1841), and two books from the Church of Saint John the Baptist in Zvornik (in 1853). These books were printed in the 18th century, three of them in Moscow and one in Vienna. In each of them, Jovanović wrote inscriptions that included some facts about him. He reportedly signed himself in a lost book as the secretary to the Orthodox Metropolitan of Zvornik and Tuzla, Agatangel. In 1841 Jovanović wrote, illuminated and bound his first book, which was commissioned by Serb members of the guild of goldsmiths in Sarajevo. In this manuscript, Jovanović collected advice that was presented to journeymen on the ceremony of their promotion as master craftsmen. It is one of only two such texts known today. In 1842 Jovanović created his second book, which was commissioned by the Church of the Annunciation in the village of Osječani in the Doboj area. This book presents a version of the apocryphal epistle known variously as the Epistle of Christ from Heaven. By the standards of his time and surroundings, Jovanović was a very literate person. Although he wrote only two small books, his work is significant, especially considering that a relatively small number of manuscripts are known to have been written by Serbs in Ottoman Bosnia. The first printing press in this territory, founded by a Serb merchant, ceased to work in 1523, and the next would not appear until 1866. Books Sobornik Lazar Jovanović's 1841 book is referred to in literature as Sobornik ili sovjetnik majstora esnafa kujundžiskoga (Cyrillic: Соборник или совјетник мајстора еснафа кујунџискога, Collection or Advisory for the Masters of the Guild of Goldsmiths), as he approximately refers to it in the first two pages. It is kept in Belgrade in the Library of the National Museum of Serbia, in its collection of old and rare books (Rr 1). The manuscript was commissioned by Serb members of the guild of goldsmiths in Sarajevo, and Jovanović wrote it in Tešanj. The guild had a ceremony called testir, in which a journeyman (kalfa) was promoted to a master craftsman (majstor) and a full member of the guild. This ceremony included a presentation of various advice to the future master, and Jovanović collected it in Sobornik. A particular guild in Sarajevo could include people belonging to different religions, Muslims, Orthodox Christians, Catholics, and Jews. Orthodox Serb members of a guild celebrated annually their slava, the patron saint of their guild. The testir ceremony had a religious component, and it could be held at the house of the master who trained the journeyman to be promoted. Periodically, all members of a guild had an outdoor party outside Sarajevo at which a number of apprentices and journeymen were simultaneously promoted to journeymen and master craftsmen, respectively. Sobornik is written on paper and contains 60 leaves and a front flyleaf. The size of the leaves is 155 by 116 millimetres, while the size of the text columns is 145 by 102 millimetres, with usually 11 to 13 lines per page. Normal text is written in black ink, and the headings in red. The covers are made of wooden boards coated with leather of dark wine colour, measuring 160 by 120 millimetres. Folios 2v–3r and 31v–60v were left empty by the writer, but f. 31v–32v and 60r, as well as the flyleaf, contain inscriptions by the patrons of the manuscript. The central section of the book (f. 12v–25r) directly addresses the future master, often calling him "dear brother" (драги братє). Its heading implies that it was composed on the basis of some earlier text, whether written or orally transmitted. It contains a series of moral advice, supplemented with corresponding Bible passages. Beside general advice of piety, hard working, righteousness, honesty, respectfulness, spiritual and physical purity, charity, temperance, etc., it more specifically calls for loyalty and obedience to the guild. It ends with a prayer for the living and deceased members of the guild. A short section about truthfulness is given in f. 28r–28v. Preceding the central section are instructions on proper behaviour in a church and correct performance of ritual ge.... Discover the Tony Burke Brent Landau popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Tony Burke Brent Landau books.