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The Green Line is a semi-metro system (form of light rail) run by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area. It is the oldest MBTA subway line, and with tunnel sections dating from 1897, the oldest subway in North America. It runs underground through downtown Boston, and on the surface into inner suburbs via six branches on radial boulevards and grade-separated alignments. With an average daily weekday ridership of 137,700 in 2019, it is the third-most heavily used light rail system in the country. The line was assigned the green color in 1967 during a systemwide rebranding because several branches pass through sections of the Emerald Necklace of Boston. The four branches are the remnants of a large streetcar system, which began in 1856 with the Cambridge Horse Railroad and was consolidated into the Boston Elevated Railway several decades later. The branches all travel downtown through the Tremont Street subway, the oldest subway tunnel in North America. The Tremont Street subway opened its first section on September 1, 1897, to take streetcars off overcrowded downtown streets; it was extended five times over the next five decades. The streetcar system peaked in size around 1930 and was gradually replaced with trackless trolleys and buses, with cuts as late as 1985. The new D branch opened on a converted commuter rail line in 1959. The Green Line Extension project extended two branches into Somerville and Medford in 2022. Route description The Green Line's core is the central subway, a group of tunnels which run through downtown Boston. The Tremont Street subway runs roughly north–south through downtown, with stations at Boylston, Park Street, Government Center, Haymarket, and North Station – all with connections to other lines of the MBTA subway system. The Boylston Street subway runs roughly east–west through the Back Bay neighborhood, with stations at Arlington, Copley, Hynes Convention Center, and Kenmore; it connects to the Tremont Street subway at Boylston. The Huntington Avenue subway diverges from the Boylston Street subway at a flat junction west of Copley, running southwest, with stations at Prudential and Symphony.: 96  A branch of the Tremont Street subway, disused since 1962, runs south from Boylston to the former Pleasant Street incline. The Green Line has four western surface branches, each with a letter designation: The B branch runs west in a tunnel from Kenmore, surfacing in the median of Commonwealth Avenue at Blandford Street. It runs 4.2 miles (6.8 km) on Commonwealth Avenue through Boston University, Allston, and Brighton to Boston College station. The C branch runs southwest in a tunnel from Kenmore, surfacing in the median of Beacon Street at St. Mary's Street. It runs 2.9 miles (4.7 km) on Beacon Street through Brookline to Cleveland Circle station. The D branch diverges from the C branch tunnel southwest of Kenmore, surfacing at Fenway station. It runs 9.7 miles (15.6 km) though Brookline and Newton along the grade-separated Highland branch (a former Boston and Albany Railroad commuter rail line) to Riverside station. The E branch runs southwest through the Huntington Avenue subway from Copley, surfacing in the median of Huntington Avenue at Northeastern University station. It runs 2.6 miles (4.2 km) along Huntington Avenue and South Huntington Avenue to Heath Street, with the outer 0.7 miles (1.1 km) (west of Brigham Circle) in mixed traffic rather than a dedicated median. Until 1985, the line continued south through Jamaica Plain to Arborway. B and C branch service terminates at Government Center, while D and E branch service continues north from downtown Boston. North of North Station, the line inclines up to the Lechmere Viaduct, which crosses the Charles River with an elevated station at Science Park. The elevated Lechmere station is located on the Green Line Extension viaduct, which continues north to a flying junction with two branches: The Union Square Branch runs 0.7 miles (1.1 km) west to Union Square station via the Fitchburg Line right-of-way. It is operated as part of the D branch. The Medford Branch runs 3.0 miles (4.8 km) northwest to Medford/Tufts station via the Lowell Line right-of-way. It is operated as part of the E branch. Former branches The Green Line A branch was the northernmost of the branches, running from the Blandford Street portal (still used by the B branch), west to Watertown, mostly street-running. The 57 bus replaced the streetcar line in 1969. The A branch diverged from Commonwealth Avenue west of Boston University and ran to a terminus in Watertown, across the Charles River from Watertown Square, until 1969. Although the route-letter scheme had been introduced two years prior to its closure, the "A" designation was never signed on streetcars to Watertown. It was, however, included in the destination signs on the Boeing-Vertol LRVs ordered in the mid-1970s, when reopening service to Watertown was under consideration. The "A" line tracks remained in non-revenue service to access maintenance facilities at Watertown until 1994. The Pleasant Street portal hosted two services in its final days. The 9 to City Point ended in 1953, and the 43 to Egleston was cut back to Lenox Street in 1956, cut back to the portal in 1961, and ended operation in 1962. Prior to that, the 48 serviced Tremont Street to Dover Street and Washington Street, ending at Dudley, and last running in 1938. The last two routes to continue beyond the Canal Street portal both ran to Sullivan. The 92 ran via Main Street, last running in 1948, and the 93 via Bunker Hill Street last ran in 1949. Until 1997, trains continued to use the portal and its North Station surface station as a terminal. In addition to the lines that later became the E branch, the predecessors to the 58 and 60 split in Brookline, one branch running into the current "E" tracks and into the Boylston Street portal, and the other running up Brookline Street to end at Massachusetts Avenue station. These were truncated in 1932 into a shorter route from Brookline Village to the subway via the Boylston Street portal, which itself stopped running in 1938 (being cut back to Brigham Circle short-turn trips), three years before the closure of that portal. The last "foreign" cars to operate in the subway were those of the Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway, running from the Canal Street portal to the Brattle Loop at Scollay Square until 1935. It was then that the old Mystic River Bridge to Chelsea was closed to streetcars and the lines were replaced by bus service; the next year the Boston Elevated Railway (BERy) bought the Eastern Mass Chelsea Division and through-routed it with its lines connecting to the East Boston Tunnel at Maverick. Rolling stock Like the three other MBTA subway lines, the line uses standard gauge tracks. However, instead of heavy rail metro rolling stock, the Green Line uses modern streetcars (.... Discover the Department Of Transportation Federal Avi popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Department Of Transportation Federal Avi books.