Sabine Picout Popular Books
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Equestrianism is the third most popular Olympic sport in France, and the leading sport for women. Stemming from military practices and a long tradition of teaching by equestrians such as La Guérinière and François Baucher, traditional French equestrianism is essentially represented at the Cadre Noir de Saumur. The practice of equestrianism has evolved towards sport and leisure, opening up to the general public. At the end of the 20th century, the sport became much more democratic, with a sharp rise in the number of riders, particularly young people and women. The teaching of equestrianism as a leisure sport in France is based on the existence of over 8,000 riding schools, which make trained horses available to the public. Their establishment is supported by the French government thanks to a reduced VAT rate from 2004 to 2013. At the end of 2013, riders and industry professionals protested against the increase in VAT on their activity. France's 2.3 million professional and occasional riders are mostly middle-class, and enjoy contact with nature. The equestrianism industry employs around 45,000 people. A wide variety of disciplines are represented in France, from eventing to horse-ball and endurance, all of which are codified in France, but show jumping accounts for almost 80% of competitions. France is the world's leading organizer of equestrian competitions affiliated to the Fédération équestre internationale, and the leading destination for equestrian tourism. Many professional French riders win medals. Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola remains the most successful show jumper, while Michel Robert and Alexandra Ledermann have also won titles. Eventing also boasts champions such as Jean-Lou Bigot, Jean Teulère and Nicolas Touzaint. France is also one of the leading nations in equestrian endurance. The show business has made a name for itself thanks to artists such as Bartabas, founder of the Académie du Spectacle Equestre de Versailles. Several official bodies are involved in equestrianism, including the Fédération française d'équitation, which awards the diplomas known as "Galops", the Société hippique française, the Groupement hippique national pour les centers équestres and the Institut français du cheval et de l'équitation, created in 2010 by the merger of the national stud farms and the École nationale d'équitation. Despite the existence of a number of specialist press titles and two Equidia channels devoted to the subject on television, equestrianism remains a low-profile media activity. It has, however, benefited from major advertising campaigns by the French Equitation Federation, using the childish slogan "Le cheval c'est trop génial" ("Horses are so cool"). History Military and scholarly tradition The history of French equestrianism is almost exclusively "military and learned". Although very basic until the 7th century, particularly among the Gauls and Romans, equestrianism flourished with the arrival of the stirrup and more suitable saddles in the society of knights. The introduction of firearms put an end to the domination of heavy cavalry in the 15th century, and riding became a learned art in the early 16th century, under the impetus of the Italians. The aim was to ask the horse to make movements that would "get rid of pedestrians". Salomon de La Broue and Antoine de Pluvinel were the precursors of traditional French equitation. The former's method is known from his book Le cavalerice français (1602). The practice of easing the horse and working on stakes enables the rider to practice airs relevés and airs au-dessus du sol. Learning equitation was a rite of passage for French nobility. François Robichon de La Guérinière is regarded as the "father of French equitation", and his influence extends far beyond France's borders, as the Spanish School of Vienna was founded on his teachings. La Guérinière's legacy was called into question in the mid-18th century, when court equestrianism showed its limitations in the face of military equitation. Military cavalry schools, notably those in Paris and Saumur, taught horseback riding exclusively for war, to train cavalry. The French Revolution led to their abolition. From 1825 onwards, the history of French-style equitation became intertwined with the Saumur cavalry school, the future Cadre Noir. Two great equestrians, the Viscount d'Aure and François Baucher, opposed their principles, which were eventually brought together in the doctrine of General Alexis L'Hotte, and his famous motto: "Calm, forward and straight". Until 1945, at the Saumur school, the horse was seen only as a military animal. These military and scholarly equestrian practices continued into the 21st century, but in the meantime French society was turning largely to sport and leisure, which opened up new outlets for equitation. The preservation of traditional French equestrianism took shape with the training mission of the Cadre Noir de Saumur, and the creation of the École Nationale d'Equitation in 1972. Before the advent of motorized transport, equestrianism and carriage driving were part of everyday life for many French people. The division of départements in 1790 meant that, in principle, every Frenchman could reach the prefecture of his département in less than a day's riding. Development of equestrianism and equestrian sport The beginnings of equestrianism in France coincided with the development of horse racing and steeplechase racing in England. Although the principle of horse racing had long been known, it wasn't until the end of the 18th century that English-style racing was introduced in France, and only at the end of the following century that it was codified. At the time, the sport was essentially reserved for the social elite. In 1865, the Société Hippique Française was founded to improve the breeding of thoroughbred racehorses. The 20th century saw the democratization of horseracing, which became a popular sport. The PMU was created in 1931 and the tiercé in 1954. However, it was the lure of gambling rather than the love of the horse that attracted the public to equestrian sports. Through the military, equestrianism developed as a sport. Cavalry training included obstacle courses. The first equestrian endurance raids were a military creation, as was the cheval d'armes course, which was to become the equestrian event. The rules were organized with the integration of the three Olympic equestrian sports (show jumping, dressage and eventing) in Stockholm in 1912. France joined the Fédération équestre internationale and created the Fédération française des sports équestres (FFSE) in 1921. It worked with the Société Hippique Française to organize equestrianism in the country until 1943, when it became autonomous. As military cavalries lost their role, regional equestrianism leagues were gradually set up in France to promote civilian riding. As early as 1933, the Haras Nationaux saw the value of supporting the development of civilian equestrian.... Discover the Sabine Picout popular books. Find the top 100 most popular Sabine Picout books.
Best Seller Sabine Picout Books of 2024
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The Count of Monte Cristo
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