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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK or U.K.) or Britain, is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of the European mainland. It includes the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is a highly developed country with a market-orientated economy and is a member of the Group of 7 (formerly G8) leading industrialised countries. It is the sixth-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), ninth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) and twenty first-largest by GDP per capita. In 2017, the UK was the eleventh-largest goods exporter in the world and the eighth-largest goods importer. It also had the second-largest inward foreign direct investment, and the third-largest outward foreign direct investment. The UK left the European Union in 2019, but it remains the UK's largest trading partner. In 2019, the UK had a labour force of 34,280,575 people and, as of 2018, an employment rate of 78.7%. The service sector contributes around 80% of GDP with the financial services industry being significant, with London as the second-largest financial centre in the world. Britain's aerospace industry is the second-largest national aerospace industry. Its pharmaceutical industry is the tenth-largest in the world. Of the world's 500 largest companies, 26 are headquartered in the UK. The economy is boosted by North Sea oil and gas production; its reserves were estimated at 2.8 billion barrels in 2016, although it has been a net importer of oil since 2005. The size of London's economy makes it the largest city by GDP in Europe. In the 18th century the UK was the first country to industrialise, and during the 19th century it had a dominant role in the global economy, accounting for 9.1% of the world's GDP in 1870. The Second Industrial Revolution was also taking place rapidly in the United States and the German Empire; this presented an increasing economic challenge for the UK. The costs of fighting World War I and World War II further weakened the UK's relative position. In the 21st century, the UK has faced the challenges of the 2008 banking collapse and the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. Largest companies This list shows the UK companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks firms by total revenues reported as of September 2019. Only the top five firms are included as a sample. Notable companies This is a list of companies of the United Kingdom as well as those first established in the United Kingdom that are no longer British owned, and also including defunct UK companies. Only companies with articles in Wikipedia are included. 0—9 104 Films — is a film production company headquartered in Birmingham. It was founded in 2004 by director Justin Edgar and producer Alex Usborne. 24seven — was an energy company supplying electricity, which operated from 2000 to 2003. Its parent companies were London Electricity, and TXU Europe. In 2003 it became part of LE Group. 3i Group plc — is a British multinational private equity and venture capital company based in London. It invests in mid-market buyouts, growth capital, and infrastructure. It was founded in 1945 by the Bank of England and the main British banks as the Industrial and Commercial Finance Corporation (ICFC). Its purpose was to provide long-term investment funding for small and medium-sized companies. Later it was renamed as Finance for Industry (FFI) and then Investors in Industry (3i). 3i Group was formed as a public company in 1987 when the banks sold their stocks. In 2022 it had a net income of £4 billion. 3 Mills Studios — is a centre for film and TV production. It is located in London. It has its roots in the 1980s founding of Bow Studios, Three Mills Island Studios, and Edwin Shirley Productions. In the mid-1990s, the three studios were merged to become 3 Mills Studios, under the management of Workspace Group. In 2004 the studios were acquired by the London Development Agency (LDA) until 2010 when ownership transferred to the London Legacy Development Corporation. 99p Stores — was a company that operated a discount store chain. It was a family-run business founded in 2001 by Nadir Lalani. Its subsidiary store chain was Family Bargains. In 2015 it was acquired by Poundland who rebranded the stores to Poundland. A A.G. Barr – is a soft drinks manufacturer best known for the drink Irn-Bru. Established in 1875 by Robert Barr in Falkirk, Scotland, it is now headquartered in Cumbernauld, Scotland. Its production sites are in Cumbernauld, Forfar, and Milton Keynes. In 2022 it acquired Boost Drinks. In 2022 its revenue was £268 million, with a net income of £27 million. AAH Pharmaceuticals — is a pharmaceuticals wholesaler. It was formerly an anthracite producer and supplier, and supplier of building materials, transport, warehousing, and environmental services. Established in 1892, its headquarters is in Coventry. It was formerly named Amalgamated Anthracite Collieries. It is owned by Hallo Healthcare Group. Aardman Animations – is a film studio producing animation films and television programmes. Established in 1972, its headquarters is in Bristol. Abbey National — was a financial services company (banking, and investment) that operated from 1944 to 2010. It was initially a building society and later also an estate agent. Its headquarters was in London. Also known as Abbey, it was formed by the merger of the Abbey Road Building Society with the National Building Society. In 2010 it was subsumed into Santander UK. AbbottVision — is a film and TV production company. Established in 2008, its headquarters is in Manchester. ABC Cinemas — was a cinema chain from 1927 to 2017. Abcam — is a biotechnology and life sciences company that produces protein research tools. It was established in 1998. Abcodia — is a biotechnology company focused on biomarkers for cancer screening. Established in 2010, its headquarters is in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. Aberdeen Asset Management — was an investment management company from 1983 to 2017. Its headquarters was in Aberdeen, Scotland. In 2017 it was merged with Standard Life to form Standard Life Aberdeen, since renamed as Abrdn. Aberforth Smaller Companies Trust plc — is an investment trust focused on investments in smaller companies. Established in 1990, it is headquartered in Edinburgh, Scotland. Abrdn — is a global investmemt and financial services company. Established in 1825, its headquarters is in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was formerly known as the Standard Life Assurance Company. In 2017 it was merged with Aberdeen Asset Management to form Standard Life Aberdeen plc. In 2021 it was renamed Abrdn. In 2022 its revenue was £1.5 billion, with a net income of £549 million. Abrdn Private Equity Opportuni.... Discover the J D Beresford Astra Taylor popular books. Find the top 100 most popular J D Beresford Astra Taylor books.