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The saddleback caterpillar (Acharia stimuli, formerly Sibine stimulea) is the larva of a species of moth native to eastern North America. It is also found in Mexico. The species belongs to the family of slug caterpillars, Limacodidae. The larva (caterpillar) is primarily green with brown at both ends and a prominent white-ringed brown dot in the center which resembles a saddle. It has a pair of fleshy horns at both ends. These and most of the rest of the body bear urticating hairs that secrete an irritating venom. Contact with the hairs causes a painful, swollen rash and sometimes nausea in humans. In some cases, more severe reactions to the venom can occur, including a systemic condition called erucism or acute urticaria, for which severe symptoms may include migraines, gastrointestinal symptoms, asthma complications, anaphylactic shock, rupturing of erythrocytes, and hemorrhaging. The hairs should be removed from the skin immediately to prevent more venom spread. The cocoon may also have irritating hairs, and hairs from the larva can fall on surrounding objects. The larvae feed on plants. In Florida and Alabama in the United States, it feeds on palms such as the Manila palm (Adonidia merrillii). Description Acharia stimulea (formally known as Sibine stimulea) is a moth of the family Limacodidae that is most widely known and recognizable for its larvae phase. During the mid and late instar (a phase between two periods of molting in the development), Acharia stimulea exhibits its characteristic lime-green coloring along the top of the body that contains its most identifiable feature, a dark marking at the center that is inclosed in a white and black that resembles a saddle. The green of the body contrasts against its dark anterior (head) and posterior (rear) which, along with the skirt of the body, contain tubercles with hollow spines that, when broken, release an irritating toxin into predators. Like others in the family Limacodidae, they rely on their slug-like anatomy to move. Similar to a slug, Acharia stimulea uses suckers and mucus to help them roll and adhere to surfaces. After pupation the adult Acharia stimulea loses all of its vibrant coloring and develops velvety dark brown anterior wings and cream posterior wings. Distribution and habitat Acharia stimulea are native to North America and are most known for living in warmer climates like Yucatan, Mexico but they can also survive the slightly cooler temperatures of the eastern United States. Adult moths fly during warm months which can be year round in the south or between July and August in the U.S. Acharia stimulea are polyphagous and do not rely on a single plant species for survival though they tend to favor palms. Below is a list of known host plants that the Acharia stimulea female moths are known to lay their egg on and where they live during their larvae phase: Life cycle Stages of metamorphosis: Eggs The mother Acharia stimulea will lay her eggs 3 days after mating on the underside of a host plant's leaf, laying clusters of 30-50 eggs at a single time with an average of 300 in total. Each egg is around 1.5-2.0mm long and 1mm wide. Similar to other eggs of the family Limacodidae, Acharia stimulea eggs are flat and are a translucent lime green color when first laid by the mother. As they get closer to hatching the eggs become a translucent yellow and shriveled. Eclosion (the emergence of larvae from eggs) can take up to 10 days and the newly emerged larvae will feed on the underside of a leaf's epidermis until their first molt. Larvae Throughout its life as a larva the saddleback caterpillar will go through a series of growths and molts. During the period between each molt the larva is regarded as an instar to indicate its progression into adulthood. The first instar: Caterpillar larvae vary in size and are capable of being between 1.5-2.0mm in length. At this stage a hatchling lacks its characteristic coloring and instead tends to be a translucent lime green with green or black tentacles and green protuberances along the skirt which lack the long spiny thorns that are seen in older larvae. While it also lacks the recognizable saddled back, there may be markings on the body that indicate where the saddle will be as the top of some hatchlings tend to have a white or a slightly darker green marking on its top center. The middle instar: Occurs during the second to fourth molt and is the period in time where the larva begins to gain its characteristic markings. Here, the top of the body gains a more opaque green that differentiates the top of the body from the bottom and contains a black dot, commonly called a "saddle", at the center that is held within a white oval shape that is surrounded by a black outlining. At this stage the tentacles also gain their coloring. The tentacles usually become darker with age, starting as green when hatched and then becoming orange around the middle instar. Some Acharia stimulea will also develop a facial marking with two cream or light-green markings that mimic large eyes at the posterior end of the body. The protuberances along the bottom sides of the larvae also become orange at this stage. Thorns on the tentacles and the protuberances along the side of the body also begin to elongate and obtain their stinging nature, with those on the tentacles being longer in length. At this stage larvae will also begin to eat plant tissue and grow to be about 5-8mm in size. Late instar: Acharia stimulea is most known for its late instar stage where it is easily identifiable through its unique marking that has become more vibrant.  As the anterior and posterior range from being a vibrant orange, brown, or dark purple the top of the body has turned into a more vibrant green. The caterpillars' green body with its characteristic “saddle” has also become well defined with its color having developed into a dark-orange or brown color with each of its molts. At this stage, the thorns along the tentacles and tuburances have also become well developed and elongated. About four to five months after hatching the caterpillar will have reached its final instar and will begin to feed on both sides of the leaf and leaf tissue to ready itself for pupating. Before spinning its cocoon, an individual larva can reach measurements close to 20mm long and 7mm wide. Pupa While pupating the cocoon appears to be a hardened light brown spherical shape with black veining that is encompassed in silk webbing. This webbing is made up in part by caterpillars’ stinging thorns which helps attach and protect the caterpillar through its metamorphosis. Adult Acharia stimulea emerge in June and July with females tending to be larger in size than their male counterparts. Acharia moths are not dimorphic in color as both males and females have dark brown anterior wings, cream, posterior wings, and a dark brown body. Like in other moths in the family Limacodidae, the wings and body.... Discover the William E Hyche popular books. Find the top 100 most popular William E Hyche books.